Anxiety Disorders — Evaluating the Effectiveness of Early Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With or Without Parental Involvement in Treating Anxious Children
Citation(s)
Bernstein GA, Bernat DH, Davis AA, Layne AE Symptom presentation and classroom functioning in a nonclinical sample of children with social phobia. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(9):752-60.
Bernstein GA, Bernat DH, Victor AM, Layne AE School-based interventions for anxious children: 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008 Sep;47(9):1039-47. doi: 10.1097/CHI.ob013e31817eecco.
Layne AE, Bernat DH, Victor AM, Bernstein GA Generalized anxiety disorder in a nonclinical sample of children: symptom presentation and predictors of impairment. J Anxiety Disord. 2009 Mar;23(2):283-9. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.08.003. Epub 2008 Aug 12
Layne AE, Bernstein GA, March JS Teacher awareness of anxiety symptoms in children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2006 Summer;36(4):383-92.
Victor AM, Bernat DH, Bernstein GA, Layne AE Effects of parent and family characteristics on treatment outcome of anxious children. J Anxiety Disord. 2007;21(6):835-48. Epub 2006 Dec 11.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
