Bailus BJ, Segal DJ The prospect of molecular therapy for Angelman syndrome and other monogenic neurologic disorders. BMC Neurosci. 2014 Jun 19;15:76. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-76.
Bi X, Sun J, Ji AX, Baudry M Potential therapeutic approaches for Angelman syndrome. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2016;20(5):601-13. doi: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1115837. Epub 2015 Nov 26.
Clayton-Smith J, Laan L Angelman syndrome: a review of the clinical and genetic aspects. J Med Genet. 2003 Feb;40(2):87-95. doi: 10.1136/jmg.40.2.87.
Horsler K, Oliver C The behavioural phenotype of Angelman syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2006 Jan;50(Pt 1):33-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00730.x.
Tan WH, Bird LM Angelman syndrome: Current and emerging therapies in 2016. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2016 Dec;172(4):384-401. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31536. Epub 2016 Nov 8.
Williams CA, Driscoll DJ, Dagli AI Clinical and genetic aspects of Angelman syndrome. Genet Med. 2010 Jul;12(7):385-95. doi: 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181def138.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.