Vourc'h M, Asehnoune K Postoperative admission in surgical ICU, less is more? Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2019 Jun;38(3):217-219. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2019.03.006. Epub 2019 Apr 2. No abstract available.
Wu XH, Cui F, Zhang C, Meng ZT, Wang DX, Ma J, Wang GF, Zhu SN, Ma D Low-dose Dexmedetomidine Improves Sleep Quality Pattern in Elderly Patients after Noncardiac Surgery in the Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology. 2016 Nov;125(5):979-991. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001325.
Xu Y, Zuo Y, Zhou L, Hao X, Xiao X, Ye M, Bo L, Jiang C, Yang J Extubation in the operating room results in fewer composite mechanical ventilation-related adverse outcomes in patients after liver transplantation: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021 Nov 18;21(1):286. doi: 10.1186/s12871-021-01508-1.
Zampieri FG Elective ICU admission after major surgery: can too much support be futile? J Thorac Dis. 2018 Jun;10(Suppl 17):S1992-S1994. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2018.05.154. No abstract available.
Effects of Anesthesia Quality Improvement on Outcomes of Patients With Planned ICU Admission: a Prospective Pre-post Intervention Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
