Anesthesia — ED50 of Esketamine for Laser Treatment in Children
Citation(s)
Su M, Zhu Y, Liu S, Song L, Qu J, Zhang Y, Zhang Q Median effective dose (ED50) of esketamine combined with propofol for children to inhibit response of gastroscope insertion. BMC Anesthesiol. 2023 Jul 18;23(1):240. doi: 10.1186/s12871-023-02204-y.
Zhang B, Li M, Han Y, Zhao X, Duan C, Wang J Effective dose of propofol combined with intravenous esketamine for smooth flexible laryngeal mask airway insertion in two distinct age groups of preschool children. BMC Anesthesiol. 2024 Feb 5;24(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12871-024-02421-z.
Zheng XS, Shen Y, Yang YY, He P, Wang YT, Tao YY, Zheng JJ, Sun Y ED50 and ED95 of propofol combined with different doses of esketamine for children undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: A prospective dose-finding study using up-and-down sequential allocation method. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2022 Jul;47(7):1002-1009. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13635. Epub 2022 Mar 7.
Median Effective Dose (ED50) of Esketamine Combined With Alfentanil for Children to Inhibit Body Movement During Laser Treatment for Facial Lesion
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
