Anesthesia — Propofol or Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Egyptian Patients
Citation(s)
Caza N, Taha R, Qi Y, Blaise G The effects of surgery and anesthesia on memory and cognition. Prog Brain Res. 2008;169:409-22. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)00026-X.
Tian HT, Duan XH, Yang YF, Wang Y, Bai QL, Zhang X Effects of propofol or sevoflurane anesthesia on the perioperative inflammatory response, pulmonary function and cognitive function in patients receiving lung cancer resection. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017 Dec;21(23):5515-5522. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201712_13943.
Zhao Y, Zhang H Propofol and sevoflurane combined with remifentanil on the pain index, inflammatory factors and postoperative cognitive function of spine fracture patients. Exp Ther Med. 2018 Apr;15(4):3775-3780. doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.5898. Epub 2018 Feb 27.
Postoperative Effects of Propofol or Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Egyptian Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
