Anesthesia — The Effects of Preloading Before Beach Chair Position
Citation(s)
Chamos C, Vele L, Hamilton M, Cecconi M Less invasive methods of advanced hemodynamic monitoring: principles, devices, and their role in the perioperative hemodynamic optimization. Perioper Med (Lond). 2013 Sep 17;2(1):19. doi: 10.1186/2047-0525-2-19.
Larsen SL, Lyngeraa TS, Maschmann CP, Van Lieshout JJ, Pott FC Cardiovascular consequence of reclining vs. sitting beach-chair body position for induction of anesthesia. Front Physiol. 2014 May 19;5:187. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00187. eCollection 2014.
Woodcock TE, Woodcock TM Revised Starling equation and the glycocalyx model of transvascular fluid exchange: an improved paradigm for prescribing intravenous fluid therapy. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Mar;108(3):384-94. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer515. Epub 2012 Jan 29. Review.
Effectiveness of Preloading Before Beach Chair Position on Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
