Anesthesia — Rib Microtia and the Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) Block
Citation(s)
Forero M, Rajarathinam M, Adhikary S, Chin KJ Erector spinae plane (ESP) block in the management of post thoracotomy pain syndrome: A case series. Scand J Pain. 2017 Oct;17:325-329. doi: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.08.013. Epub 2017 Sep 12.
Hamilton DL, Manickam B Erector spinae plane block for pain relief in rib fractures. Br J Anaesth. 2017 Mar 1;118(3):474-475. doi: 10.1093/bja/aex013. No abstract available.
Luftig J, Mantuani D, Herring AA, Dixon B, Clattenburg E, Nagdev A Successful emergency pain control for posterior rib fractures with ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block. Am J Emerg Med. 2018 Aug;36(8):1391-1396. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.12.060. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
Erector Spinae Plane Block for Rib Cartilage Graft Reconstruction Surgery
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
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Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
