Bhattacharjee S, Ray M, Ghose T, Maitra S, Layek A Analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block in providing effective perioperative analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy: A randomized controlled trial. J Anaesthesiol C
Committee opinion no 628: robotic surgery in gynecology. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Mar;125(3):760-7. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000461761.47981.07.
De Oliveira GS Jr, Milad MP, Fitzgerald P, Rahmani R, McCarthy RJ Transversus abdominis plane infiltration and quality of recovery after laparoscopic hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Dec;118(6):1230-7. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318236f67f.
Rafi AN Abdominal field block: a new approach via the lumbar triangle. Anaesthesia. 2001 Oct;56(10):1024-6.
Young MJ, Gorlin AW, Modest VE, Quraishi SA Clinical implications of the transversus abdominis plane block in adults. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2012;2012:731645. doi: 10.1155/2012/731645. Epub 2012 Jan 19.
Laparoscopically Assisted Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Using Liposomal Bupivacaine and Laparoscopic or Robotic Gynecology: A Randomized Controlled Trial (#2)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
