Anesthesia — Dexmedetomidine to Improve Outcomes During Emergence From Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Surgery
Citation(s)
Ibacache ME, Muñoz HR, Brandes V, Morales AL Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesth Analg. 2004 Jan;98(1):60-63. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000094947.20838.8E.
Kim SY, Kim JM, Lee JH, Song BM, Koo BN Efficacy of intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion on emergence agitation and quality of recovery after nasal surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Aug;111(2):222-8. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet056. Epub 2013 Mar 22.
Yang S, Lee H A dose-finding study of preoperative intravenous dexmedetomidine in children's emergence delirium after epiblepharon surgery. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2014 May-Jun;24(3):417-23. doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000396. Epub 2013 Nov 29.
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Outcomes During Emergence From Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Surgery
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
