Anesthesia — Premedication on Sevoflurane Induction
Citation(s)
Baker CE, Smith I Sevoflurane: a comparison between vital capacity and tidal breathing techniques for the induction of anaesthesia and laryngeal mask airway placement. Anaesthesia. 1999 Sep;54(9):841-4.
Ganatra SB, D'Mello J, Butani M, Jhamnani P Conditions for insertion of the laryngeal mask airway: comparisons between sevoflurane and propofol using fentanyl as a co-induction agent. A pilot study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2002 May;19(5):371-5.
Hall JE, Stewart JI, Harmer M Single-breath inhalation induction of sevoflurane anaesthesia with and without nitrous oxide: a feasibility study in adults and comparison with an intravenous bolus of propofol. Anaesthesia. 1997 May;52(5):410-5.
Pancaro C, Giovannoni S, Toscano A, Peduto VA Apnea during induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane is related to its mode of administration. Can J Anaesth. 2005 Jun-Jul;52(6):591-4.
Ti LK, Chow MY, Lee TL Comparison of sevoflurane with propofol for laryngeal mask airway insertion in adults. Anesth Analg. 1999 Apr;88(4):908-12.
Wang J, Winship S, Russell G Induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane and low-dose remifentanil: asystole following laryngoscopy. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Dec;81(6):994-5.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
