Anesthesia, Local — Cervical Sympathetic Block in Patients With Cerebral Vasospasm
Citation(s)
Dagistan Y, Kilinc E, Balci CN Cervical sympathectomy modulates the neurogenic inflammatory neuropeptides following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Brain Res. 2019 Nov 1;1722:146366. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146366. Epub 2019 Aug 8.
Hu N, Wu Y, Chen BZ, Han JF, Zhou MT Protective effect of stellate ganglion block on delayed cerebral vasospasm in an experimental rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain Res. 2014 Oct 17;1585:63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.012. Epub 2014 Aug 13.
Pileggi M, Mosimann PJ, Isalberti M, Piechowiak EI, Merlani P, Reinert M, Cianfoni A Stellate ganglion block combined with intra-arterial treatment: a "one-stop shop" for cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-a pilot study. Neuroradiology. 2021 Oct;63(10):1701-1708. doi: 10.1007/s00234-021-02689-9. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
Zhang J, Nie Y, Pang Q, Zhang X, Wang Q, Tang J Effects of stellate ganglion block on early brain injury in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomised control trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021 Jan 20;21(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12871-020-01215-3.
Cervical Sympathetic Block to Increase Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Cerebral Vasospasm Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
