Anesthesia, General — Bispectral Index and Patient State Index During General Anesthesia With Remimazolam
Citation(s)
Antonik LJ, Goldwater DR, Kilpatrick GJ, Tilbrook GS, Borkett KM A placebo- and midazolam-controlled phase I single ascending-dose study evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of remimazolam (CNS 7056): Part I. Safety, efficacy, and basic pharmacokinetics. Anesth Analg. 2012 Aug;115(2):274-83. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31823f0c28. Epub 2011 Dec 20.
Masui K Remimazolam besilate, a benzodiazepine, has been approved for general anesthesia!! J Anesth. 2020 Aug;34(4):479-482. doi: 10.1007/s00540-020-02755-1. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
Schüttler J, Eisenried A, Lerch M, Fechner J, Jeleazcov C, Ihmsen H Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Remimazolam (CNS 7056) after Continuous Infusion in Healthy Male Volunteers: Part I. Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacodynamics. Anesthesiology. 2020 Apr;132(4):636-651. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003103.
Sneyd JR, Gambus PL, Rigby-Jones AE Current status of perioperative hypnotics, role of benzodiazepines, and the case for remimazolam: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Jul;127(1):41-55. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.03.028. Epub 2021 May 6. Review.
Sneyd JR, Rigby-Jones AE Remimazolam for anaesthesia or sedation. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2020 Aug;33(4):506-511. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000877. Review.
Bispectral Index and Patient State Index During General Anesthesia With Remimazolam: a Prospective Observational Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
