Anesthesia, General — Validity of Pain Threshold Index in Children
Citation(s)
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Constant I, Sabourdin N Monitoring depth of anesthesia: from consciousness to nociception. A window on subcortical brain activity. Paediatr Anaesth. 2015 Jan;25(1):73-82. doi: 10.1111/pan.12586. Epub 2014 Nov 20. Review.
Edry R, Recea V, Dikust Y, Sessler DI Preliminary Intraoperative Validation of the Nociception Level Index: A Noninvasive Nociception Monitor. Anesthesiology. 2016 Jul;125(1):193-203. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001130.
Park JH, Lim BG, Kim H, Lee IO, Kong MH, Kim NS Comparison of Surgical Pleth Index-guided Analgesia with Conventional Analgesia Practices in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology. 2015 Jun;122(6):1280-7. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000650.
Won YJ, Lim BG, Lee SH, Park S, Kim H, Lee IO, Kong MH Comparison of relative oxycodone consumption in surgical pleth index-guided analgesia versus conventional analgesia during sevoflurane anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Aug;95(35):e4743. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004743.
Won YJ, Lim BG, Yeo GE, Lee MK, Lee DK, Kim H, Lee IO, Kong MH The effect of nicardipine on the surgical pleth index during thyroidectomy under general anesthesia: A prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Feb;96(6):e6154. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006154.
Validity of Pain Threshold Index Based on Electroencephalogram for Pediatric Patients Under General Anesthesia
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
