Analgesia — Quadratus Lumborum Block After Living Donor Kidney Transplantation
Citation(s)
de Boer HD, Detriche O, Forget P Opioid-related side effects: Postoperative ileus, urinary retention, nausea and vomiting, and shivering. A review of the literature. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2017 Dec;31(4):499-504. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2017.07.002. Epub 2017 Jul 8.
Freir NM, Murphy C, Mugawar M, Linnane A, Cunningham AJ Transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia in renal transplantation: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2012 Oct;115(4):953-7. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182642117. Epub 2012 Jul 4.
Jun JH, Kim GS, Lee JJ, Ko JS, Kim SJ, Jeon PH Comparison of intrathecal morphine and surgical-site infusion of ropivacaine as adjuncts to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia in living-donor kidney transplant recipients. Singapore Med J. 2017 Nov;58(11):666-673. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2017077. Epub 2017 Aug 14.
Korgvee A, Junttila E, Koskinen H, Huhtala H, Kalliomaki ML Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2021 Feb 1;38(2):115-129. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001368.
Uppal V, Retter S, Kehoe E, McKeen DM Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth. 2020 Nov;67(11):1557-1575. doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01793-3. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
Yang P, Luo Y, Lin L, Zhang H, Liu Y, Li Y The efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block with or without dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia in renal transplantation. A randomized controlled trial. Int J Surg. 2020 Jul;79:196-201. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.073. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
Quadratus Lumborum Block for Analgesia After Living Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
