Amblyopia — Binocular Visual Therapy and Video Games for Amblyopia Treatment.
Citation(s)
Carlton J, Karnon J, Czoski-Murray C, Smith KJ, Marr J The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening programmes for amblyopia and strabismus in children up to the age of 4-5 years: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2008 Jun;12(25):iii, xi-194. doi: 10.3310/hta12250.
Hrisos S, Clarke MP, Kelly T, Henderson J, Wright CM Unilateral visual impairment and neurodevelopmental performance in preschool children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006 Jul;90(7):836-8. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2006.090910. Epub 2006 Mar 15.
Hunter D Amblyopia: The clinician's view. Vis Neurosci. 2018 Jan;35:E011. doi: 10.1017/S0952523817000189. No abstract available.
Kelly KR, Jost RM, Dao L, Beauchamp CL, Leffler JN, Birch EE Binocular iPad Game vs Patching for Treatment of Amblyopia in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016 Dec 1;134(12):1402-1408. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.4224.
Niechwiej-Szwedo E, Goltz HC, Chandrakumar M, Hirji Z, Wong AM Effects of anisometropic amblyopia on visuomotor behavior, III: Temporal eye-hand coordination during reaching. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Jul 29;52(8):5853-61. doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-7314.
Rahi JS, Cumberland PM, Peckham CS Does amblyopia affect educational, health, and social outcomes? Findings from 1958 British birth cohort. BMJ. 2006 Apr 8;332(7545):820-5. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38751.597963.AE. Epub 2006 Mar 6.
Tailor V, Bossi M, Bunce C, Greenwood JA, Dahlmann-Noor A Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to eight years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Aug 11;2015(8):CD011347. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011347.pub2.
Webber AL, Wood JM, Gole GA, Brown B The effect of amblyopia on fine motor skills in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Feb;49(2):594-603. doi: 10.1167/iovs.07-0869.
Binocular Visual Therapy and Video Games for Amblyopia Treatment.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
