Alzheimer Disease — Cohort Study of Adult Patients With Down Syndrome at Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease (TriAL21)
Citation(s)
Ball SL, Holland AJ, Huppert FA, Treppner P, Watson P, Hon J The modified CAMDEX informant interview is a valid and reliable tool for use in the diagnosis of dementia in adults with Down's syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2004 Sep;48(Pt 6):611-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2004.00630.x.
Deb S, Hare M, Prior L, Bhaumik S Dementia screening questionnaire for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Br J Psychiatry. 2007 May;190:440-4. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.024984.
KATZ S, FORD AB, MOSKOWITZ RW, JACKSON BA, JAFFE MW STUDIES OF ILLNESS IN THE AGED. THE INDEX OF ADL: A STANDARDIZED MEASURE OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTION. JAMA. 1963 Sep 21;185:914-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.1963.03060120024016. No abstract available.
Kim J, Basak JM, Holtzman DM The role of apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron. 2009 Aug 13;63(3):287-303. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.06.026.
Lautarescu BA, Holland AJ, Zaman SH The Early Presentation of Dementia in People with Down Syndrome: a Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Neuropsychol Rev. 2017 Mar;27(1):31-45. doi: 10.1007/s11065-017-9341-9. Epub 2017 Mar 13.
Lawton MP, Brody EM Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist. 1969 Autumn;9(3):179-86. No abstract available.
Neale N, Padilla C, Fonseca LM, Holland T, Zaman S Neuroimaging and other modalities to assess Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome. Neuroimage Clin. 2017 Nov 6;17:263-271. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.10.022. eCollection 2018.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
