Alzheimer Disease — Feasibility Study of Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation on Alzheimer's Disease Patients
Citation(s)
Chen CM, Wu CT, Yang TH, Liu SH, Yang FY Preventive Effect of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound against Experimental Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Apoptosis Reduction and Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Induction. Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 3;8(1):5568. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23929-8.
Chen SF, Su WS, Wu CH, Lan TH, Yang FY Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation Improves Long-Term Functional Outcomes and Protects Against Brain Damage in Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Aug;55(8):7079-7089. doi: 10.1007/s12035-018-0897-z. Epub 2018 Jan 30.
Chen TT, Lan TH, Yang FY Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation and Memory Impairment by Modulation of TLR4/NF-?B Signaling and CREB/BDNF Expression. Cereb Cortex. 2019 Apr 1;29(4):1430-1438. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhy039.
Huang SL, Chang CW, Lee YH, Yang FY Protective Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Memory Impairment and Brain Damage in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia. Radiology. 2017 Jan;282(1):113-122. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2016160095. Epub 2016 Jul 11.
Lin WT, Chen RC, Lu WW, Liu SH, Yang FY Protective effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on aluminum-induced cerebral damage in Alzheimer's disease rat model. Sci Rep. 2015 Apr 15;5:9671. doi: 10.1038/srep09671.
Liu SH, Lai YL, Chen BL, Yang FY Ultrasound Enhances the Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Astrocyte Through Activation of TrkB-Akt and Calcium-CaMK Signaling Pathways. Cereb Cortex. 2017 Jun 1;27(6):3152-3160. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhw169.
Su WS, Tsai ML, Huang SL, Liu SH, Yang FY Controllable permeability of blood-brain barrier and reduced brain injury through low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation. Oncotarget. 2015 Dec 8;6(39):42290-9. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.5978.
Su WS, Wu CH, Chen SF, Yang FY Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound improves behavioral and histological outcomes after experimental traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 14;7(1):15524. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15916-2.
Su WS, Wu CH, Chen SF, Yang FY Transcranial ultrasound stimulation promotes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and reduces apoptosis in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Brain Stimul. 2017 Nov - Dec;10(6):1032-1041. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.09.003. Epub 2017 Sep 7.
Yang FY, Lu WW, Lin WT, Chang CW, Huang SL Enhancement of Neurotrophic Factors in Astrocyte for Neuroprotective Effects in Brain Disorders Using Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation. Brain Stimul. 2015 May-Jun;8(3):465-73. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.11.017. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
Feasibility Study of Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation on Alzheimer's Disease Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
