Alzheimer Disease, Early Onset — Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Verbal Learning in Typical and Atypical Alzheimer's Disease
Citation(s)
Antal A, Terney D, Poreisz C, Paulus W Towards unravelling task-related modulations of neuroplastic changes induced in the human motor cortex. Eur J Neurosci. 2007 Nov;26(9):2687-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05896.x. Epub 2007 Oct 26.
Huey ED, Probasco JC, Moll J, Stocking J, Ko MH, Grafman J, Wassermann EM No effect of DC brain polarization on verbal fluency in patients with advanced frontotemporal dementia. Clin Neurophysiol. 2007 Jun;118(6):1417-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.02.026. Epub 2007 Apr 23. No abstract available.
Neophytou K, Wiley RW, Rapp B, Tsapkini K The use of spelling for variant classification in primary progressive aphasia: Theoretical and practical implications. Neuropsychologia. 2019 Oct;133:107157. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107157. Epub 2019 Aug 8.
Segrave RA, Arnold S, Hoy K, Fitzgerald PB Concurrent cognitive control training augments the antidepressant efficacy of tDCS: a pilot study. Brain Stimul. 2014 Mar-Apr;7(2):325-31. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2013.12.008. Epub 2013 Dec 19.
Tsapkini K, Frangakis C, Gomez Y, Davis C, Hillis AE Augmentation of spelling therapy with transcranial direct current stimulation in primary progressive aphasia: Preliminary results and challenges. Aphasiology. 2014;28(8-9):1112-1130. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2014.930410.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.