Muller B, Reseland JE, Haugen HJ, Tiainen H Cell growth on pore-graded biomimetic TiO2 bone scaffolds. J Biomater Appl. 2015 Apr;29(9):1284-95. doi: 10.1177/0885328214559859. Epub 2014 Nov 13.
Pippi R Post-Surgical Clinical Monitoring of Soft Tissue Wound Healing in Periodontal and Implant Surgery. Int J Med Sci. 2017 Jul 18;14(8):721-728. doi: 10.7150/ijms.19727. eCollection 2017.
Thieu MKL, Haugen HJ, Sanz-Esporrin J, Sanz M, Lyngstadaas SP, Verket A Guided bone regeneration of chronic non-contained bone defects using a volume stable porous block TiO2 scaffold: An experimental in vivo study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2021 Mar;32(3):369-381. doi: 10.1111/clr.13708. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
Tiainen H, Lyngstadaas SP, Ellingsen JE, Haugen HJ Ultra-porous titanium oxide scaffold with high compressive strength. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2010 Oct;21(10):2783-92. doi: 10.1007/s10856-010-4142-1. Epub 2010 Aug 14.
Tiainen H, Verket A, Haugen HJ, Lyngstadaas SP, Wohlfahrt JC Dimensional Ridge Preservation with a Novel Highly Porous TiO(2) Scaffold: An Experimental Study in Minipigs. Int J Biomater. 2012;2012:851264. doi: 10.1155/2012/851264. Epub 2012 Oct 3.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
