Brumback T, Cao D, King A Effects of alcohol on psychomotor performance and perceived impairment in heavy binge social drinkers. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Nov 2;91(1):10-7. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.04.013. Epub 2007 Jun 8.
Epstein AM, Sher TG, Young MA, King AC Tobacco chippers show robust increases in smoking urge after alcohol consumption. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Feb;190(3):321-9. doi: 10.1007/s00213-006-0438-8. Epub 2006 Jun 28.
King A, Epstein A, Conrad M, McNamara P, Cao D Sex differences in the relationship between alcohol-associated smoking urge and behavior: a pilot study. Am J Addict. 2008 Sep-Oct;17(5):347-53. doi: 10.1080/10550490802268140.
King A, Vena A, Hasin DS, deWit H, O'Connor SJ, Cao D Subjective Responses to Alcohol in the Development and Maintenance of Alcohol Use Disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2021 Jun;178(6):560-571. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20030247. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
King AC, Byars JA Alcohol-induced performance impairment in heavy episodic and light social drinkers. J Stud Alcohol. 2004 Jan;65(1):27-36. doi: 10.15288/jsa.2004.65.27.
King AC, Epstein AM Alcohol dose-dependent increases in smoking urge in light smokers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005 Apr;29(4):547-52. doi: 10.1097/01.alc.0000158839.65251.fe.
Rueger SY, McNamara PJ, King AC Expanding the utility of the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES) and initial psychometric support for the Brief-BAES (B-BAES). Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 May;33(5):916-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00914.x. Epub 2009
Individual Differences After Consumption of Alcohol and Other Common Substances and Long-Term Follow-Up of Social Drinking, Young Adults
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
