Austin PC An Introduction to Propensity Score Methods for Reducing the Effects of Confounding in Observational Studies. Multivariate Behav Res. 2011 May;46(3):399-424. doi: 10.1080/00273171.2011.568786. Epub 2011 Jun 8.
Babor, T , Higgins-Biddle, J. C., Saunders, J. B., & Monteiro, M. G. (2001). AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for use in primary care, Second edition. Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependence, World Health Organization.
Bechara A, Damasio H Decision-making and addiction (part I): impaired activation of somatic states in substance dependent individuals when pondering decisions with negative future consequences. Neuropsychologia. 2002;40(10):1675-89. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00015-5.
Bechara A, Dolan S, Hindes A Decision-making and addiction (part II): myopia for the future or hypersensitivity to reward? Neuropsychologia. 2002;40(10):1690-705. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00016-7.
Bell AJ, Sejnowski TJ An information-maximization approach to blind separation and blind deconvolution. Neural Comput. 1995 Nov;7(6):1129-59. doi: 10.1162/neco.1995.7.6.1129.
Brewer JA, Bowen S, Smith JT, Marlatt GA, Potenza MN Mindfulness-based treatments for co-occurring depression and substance use disorders: what can we learn from the brain? Addiction. 2010 Oct;105(10):1698-706. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02890.x.
Calhoun VD, Adali T, Pearlson GD, Pekar JJ A method for making group inferences from functional MRI data using independent component analysis. Hum Brain Mapp. 2001 Nov;14(3):140-51. doi: 10.1002/hbm.1048. Erratum In: Hum Brain Mapp 2002 Jun;16(2):131.
Calhoun VD, Adali T Multisubject independent component analysis of fMRI: a decade of intrinsic networks, default mode, and neurodiagnostic discovery. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng. 2012;5:60-73. doi: 10.1109/RBME.2012.2211076.
Claus ED, Hutchison KE Neural mechanisms of risk taking and relationships with hazardous drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2012 Jun;36(6):932-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01694.x. Epub 2012 Feb 6.
Claus ED, Kiehl KA, Hutchison KE Neural and behavioral mechanisms of impulsive choice in alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Jul;35(7):1209-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01455.x. Epub 2011 Apr 19.
Claus, E D., Littlewood, R.A., Feldstein Ewing, S.W., Aranella, P., Bogenschutz, M.P., Hutchison, K.E. (unpublished). BOLD response as a potential biomarker predicting treatment response to olanzapine in alcohol dependence.
Durazzo TC, Gazdzinski S, Mon A, Meyerhoff DJ Cortical perfusion in alcohol-dependent individuals during short-term abstinence: relationships to resumption of hazardous drinking after treatment. Alcohol. 2010 May;44(3):201-10. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.03.003.
Elwafi HM, Witkiewitz K, Mallik S, Thornhill TA 4th, Brewer JA Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: moderation of the relationship between craving and cigarette use. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013 Jun 1;130(1-3):222-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.11.015. Epub 2012 Dec 21.
Epstein, E E. & McCrady, B. S. (2009a). A cognitive-behavioral treatment program for overcoming alcohol use problems: Therapist guide. New York: Oxford University Press.
Epstein, E E. & McCrady, B. S. (2009b). A cognitive-behavioral treatment program for overcoming alcohol use problems: Client workbook. New York: Oxford University Press.
Filbey FM, Ray L, Smolen A, Claus ED, Audette A, Hutchison KE Differential neural response to alcohol priming and alcohol taste cues is associated with DRD4 VNTR and OPRM1 genotypes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Jul;32(7):1113-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00692.x.
Finney, J W., Moos, R. H., & Timko, C. (2013). The course of treated and untreated substance use disorders: Remission and resolution, relapse and mortality. In: B. S. McCrady & E. e. Epstein (Eds.), Addiction: A comprehensive guidebook, 2nd edition (pp. 108-134). NY: Oxford University Press.
First, M B., William, J. B. W., Karg, R. S., Spitzer, R. L. (2015). User's Guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders, Research Version (SCID-5-RV). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
Friston, K J., Ashburner, J., Frith, C. D., Poline, J. B., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1995). Spatial registration and normalization of images. Human Brain Mapping, 3, 165-189.
Friston, K J., Holmes, A. P., Worsley, K. J., Poline, J. P., Frith, C. D., & Frackowiak, R. S.J. (1995). Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: a general linear approach. Human Brain Mapping, 2, 189-210.
Fritz MS, Mackinnon DP Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychol Sci. 2007 Mar;18(3):233-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x.
Garland EL, Gaylord SA, Boettiger CA, Howard MO Mindfulness training modifies cognitive, affective, and physiological mechanisms implicated in alcohol dependence: results of a randomized controlled pilot trial. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2010 Jun;42(2):177-92. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2010.10400690.
Gazdzinski S, Durazzo TC, Studholme C, Song E, Banys P, Meyerhoff DJ Quantitative brain MRI in alcohol dependence: preliminary evidence for effects of concurrent chronic cigarette smoking on regional brain volumes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005 Aug;29(8):1484-95. doi: 10.1097/01.alc.0000175018.72488.61.
Grant I, Adams K, Reed R Normal neuropsychological abilities of alcoholic men in their late thirties. Am J Psychiatry. 1979 Oct;136(10):1263-9. doi: 10.1176/ajp.136.10.1263.
Herault, J , & Jutten, C. (1986). Space or time adaptive signal processing by neural network models. American Institute for Physics Conference Proceedings, 151, 206
Jafri MJ, Pearlson GD, Stevens M, Calhoun VD A method for functional network connectivity among spatially independent resting-state components in schizophrenia. Neuroimage. 2008 Feb 15;39(4):1666-81. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.11.001. Epub 2007 Nov 13.
Jutten, C , & Herault, J. (1991). Blind separation of sources, part I: An adaptive algorithm based on neuromimetic architecture. Signal Processing, 24, 1-10.
Kazdin AE, Nock MK Delineating mechanisms of change in child and adolescent therapy: methodological issues and research recommendations. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2003 Nov;44(8):1116-29. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00195.
Kiluk BD, Nich C, Babuscio T, Carroll KM Quality versus quantity: acquisition of coping skills following computerized cognitive-behavioral therapy for substance use disorders. Addiction. 2010 Dec;105(12):2120-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03076.x. Epub 2010 Sep 20.
Kirby KN, Petry NM, Bickel WK Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls. J Exp Psychol Gen. 1999 Mar;128(1):78-87. doi: 10.1037//0096-3445.128.1.78.
Koob G, Kreek MJ Stress, dysregulation of drug reward pathways, and the transition to drug dependence. Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Aug;164(8):1149-59. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.05030503.
Koob, G F. (2013). Neuroscience of addiction. In: B. S. McCrady & E. E. Epstein (Eds.), Addiction: A comprehensive guidebook, 2nd edition (pp. 17-354). NY: Oxford University Press.
Lang, P J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). International affective picture system (IAPS): Technical manual and affective ratings. NIMH Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, 39-58.
Li CS, Luo X, Yan P, Bergquist K, Sinha R Altered impulse control in alcohol dependence: neural measures of stop signal performance. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 Apr;33(4):740-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00891.x. Epub 2009 Jan 21.
Loree AM, Lundahl LH, Ledgerwood DM Impulsivity as a predictor of treatment outcome in substance use disorders: review and synthesis. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2015 Mar;34(2):119-34. doi: 10.1111/dar.12132. Epub 2014 Mar 31.
Magill M, Kiluk BD, McCrady BS, Tonigan JS, Longabaugh R Active Ingredients of Treatment and Client Mechanisms of Change in Behavioral Treatments for Alcohol Use Disorders: Progress 10 Years Later. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 Oct;39(10):1852-62. doi: 10.1111/acer.12848. Epub 2015 Sep 7.
Magill M, Longabaugh R Efficacy combined with specified ingredients: a new direction for empirically supported addiction treatment. Addiction. 2013 May;108(5):874-81. doi: 10.1111/add.12013. Epub 2012 Nov 19.
Maisto SA, Kirouac M, Witkiewitz K Alcohol use disorder clinical course research: informing clinicians' treatment planning now and in the future. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2014 Sep;75(5):799-807. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.799.
McCrady, B S. (2071). Mechanisms of change and the treatment of alcohol use disorders. In: D. McKay, J. Abramowitz, & E. Storch (Eds.), Mechanisms of syndromes and treatment for psychological problems. NY: Wiley Press.
Miller, W R. & Rollnick, S. (2013). Motivational interviewing: Helping people change, 3rd edition. NY: Guilford Press.
Miller, W R. (1996). Form 90: A structured assessment interview for drinking and related behaviors, test manual. Project MATCH Monograph Series, Vol 5. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
Miller, W R., Mattson, M. E., Arciniega, L. T., Arroyo, J...Zweben, A. (2004). COMBINE behavioral intervention manual. A clinical research guide for therapists treatment people with alcohol abuse and dependence. DHHS Publication No. (NIH) 04-5288. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
Miller, W R., Tonigan, J.S. & Longabaugh, R. (1995). The Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC): An instrument for assessing adverse consequences of alcohol abuse. Project MATCH Monograph Series, Vol. 4. DHHS Publication No. 95-3911. Rockville MD: NIAAA.
Monnig MA, Tonigan JS, Yeo RA, Thoma RJ, McCrady BS White matter volume in alcohol use disorders: a meta-analysis. Addict Biol. 2013 May;18(3):581-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00441.x. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
Myrick H, Anton RF, Li X, Henderson S, Randall PK, Voronin K Effect of naltrexone and ondansetron on alcohol cue-induced activation of the ventral striatum in alcohol-dependent people. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;65(4):466-75. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.4.466.
Naqvi NH, Morgenstern J Cognitive Neuroscience Approaches to Understanding Behavior Change in Alcohol Use Disorder Treatments. Alcohol Res. 2015;37(1):29-38.
Oldfield RC The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia. 1971 Mar;9(1):97-113. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4. No abstract available.
Papachristou H, Nederkoorn C, Giesen JC, Jansen A Cue reactivity during treatment, and not impulsivity, predicts an initial lapse after treatment in alcohol use disorders. Addict Behav. 2014 Mar;39(3):737-9. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.027. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
Roos CR, Witkiewitz K Adding tools to the toolbox: The role of coping repertoire in alcohol treatment. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2016 Jul;84(7):599-611. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000102. Epub 2016 Apr 7.
Rosenbloom M, Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A Using magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging to assess brain damage in alcoholics. Alcohol Res Health. 2003;27(2):146-52.
Schacht JP, Anton RF, Myrick H Functional neuroimaging studies of alcohol cue reactivity: a quantitative meta-analysis and systematic review. Addict Biol. 2013 Jan;18(1):121-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00464.x. Epub 2012 May 10.
Seo S, Mohr J, Beck A, Wustenberg T, Heinz A, Obermayer K Predicting the future relapse of alcohol-dependent patients from structural and functional brain images. Addict Biol. 2015 Nov;20(6):1042-55. doi: 10.1111/adb.12302. Epub 2015 Oct 4.
Silveri MM Adolescent brain development and underage drinking in the United States: identifying risks of alcohol use in college populations. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2012 Jul-Aug;20(4):189-200. doi: 10.3109/10673229.2012.714642.
Skinner HA The drug abuse screening test. Addict Behav. 1982;7(4):363-71. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(82)90005-3.
Spreng RN, Wojtowicz M, Grady CL Reliable differences in brain activity between young and old adults: a quantitative meta-analysis across multiple cognitive domains. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Jul;34(8):1178-94. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.009. Epub 2010 Jan 28.
Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, Naranjo CA, Sellers EM Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict. 1989 Nov;84(11):1353-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00737.x.
Tang YY, Holzel BK, Posner MI The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2015 Apr;16(4):213-25. doi: 10.1038/nrn3916. Epub 2015 Mar 18.
Tofighi D, Kelley K Assessing Omitted Confounder Bias in Multilevel Mediation Models. Multivariate Behav Res. 2016;51(1):86-105. doi: 10.1080/00273171.2015.1105736.
Tofighi D, MacKinnon DP RMediation: an R package for mediation analysis confidence intervals. Behav Res Methods. 2011 Sep;43(3):692-700. doi: 10.3758/s13428-011-0076-x.
Whiteside, S P., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., & Reynolds, S. K. (2005). Validation of the UPPS impulsive behaviour scale: a four-factor model of impulsivity. European Journal of Personality, 19(7), 559-574.
Witkiewitz K, Bowen S, Douglas H, Hsu SH Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance craving. Addict Behav. 2013 Feb;38(2):1563-1571. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.04.001. Epub 2012 Apr 6. Erratum In: Addict Behav. 2018 Mar 21;:
Witkiewitz K, Bowen S Depression, craving, and substance use following a randomized trial of mindfulness-based relapse prevention. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010 Jun;78(3):362-374. doi: 10.1037/a0019172.
Witkiewitz K, Dearing RL, Maisto SA Alcohol use trajectories among non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2014 May;75(3):415-22. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.415.
Witkiewitz K, Donovan DM, Hartzler B Drink refusal training as part of a combined behavioral intervention: effectiveness and mechanisms of change. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012 Jun;80(3):440-9. doi: 10.1037/a0026996. Epub 2012 Jan 30.
Witkiewitz K, Maisto SA, Donovan DM A comparison of methods for estimating change in drinking following alcohol treatment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010 Dec;34(12):2116-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01308.x. Epub 2010 Sep 22.
Witkiewitz K, Marlatt GA Relapse prevention for alcohol and drug problems: that was Zen, this is Tao. Am Psychol. 2004 May-Jun;59(4):224-35. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.4.224.
Witkiewitz K, Villarroel NA Dynamic association between negative affect and alcohol lapses following alcohol treatment. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Aug;77(4):633-44. doi: 10.1037/a0015647.
Witkiewitz K Predictors of heavy drinking during and following treatment. Psychol Addict Behav. 2011 Sep;25(3):426-38. doi: 10.1037/a0022889.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.