Babor, T F., Higgins-Biddle, J.C., Saunders, J.B., Monteriro, M.G. (2001). AUDIT The alcohol use disordersidentification test: Guidelines for use in primary care. 2nd Edition. WHO/MNH/DAT 89.4, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Baer, J S. (1993). Etiology and secondary prevention of alcohol problems with young adults. In J. Baer, G.Marlatt, R. McMahon (Eds.), Addictive behaviors across the life span: Prevention, treatment, and policy issues (pp. 111-137). Thousand Oaks, CA US: Sage Publications, Inc.
Baikie KA, Geerligs L, Wilhelm K Expressive writing and positive writing for participants with mood disorders: an online randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2012 Feb;136(3):310-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.11.032. Epub 2011 Dec 30.
Barclay LJ, Skarlicki DP Healing the wounds of organizational injustice: examining the benefits of expressive writing. J Appl Psychol. 2009 Mar;94(2):511-23. doi: 10.1037/a0013451.
Barnett NP, Goldstein AL, Murphy JG, Colby SM, Monti PM "I'll never drink like that again": characteristics of alcohol-related incidents and predictors of motivation to change in college students. J Stud Alcohol. 2006 Sep;67(5):754-63.
Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988 Dec;56(6):893-7.
Carey KB, Scott-Sheldon LA, Carey MP, DeMartini KS Individual-level interventions to reduce college student drinking: a meta-analytic review. Addict Behav. 2007 Nov;32(11):2469-94. Epub 2007 May 17. Review.
Carey KB, Scott-Sheldon LA, Elliott JC, Bolles JR, Carey MP Computer-delivered interventions to reduce college student drinking: a meta-analysis. Addiction. 2009 Nov;104(11):1807-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02691.x. Epub 2009 Sep 10. Review.
Chung CK, Pennebaker JW Variations in the spacing of expressive writing sessions. Br J Health Psychol. 2008 Feb;13(Pt 1):15-21. doi: 10.1348/135910707X251171.
Collins RL, Parks GA, Marlatt GA Social determinants of alcohol consumption: the effects of social interaction and model status on the self-administration of alcohol. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1985 Apr;53(2):189-200.
Collins SE, Carey KB, Sliwinski MJ Mailed personalized normative feedback as a brief intervention for at-risk college drinkers. J Stud Alcohol. 2002 Sep;63(5):559-67.
Collins SE, Carey KB The theory of planned behavior as a model of heavy episodic drinking among college students. Psychol Addict Behav. 2007 Dec;21(4):498-507.
Craft MA, Davis GC, Paulson RM Expressive writing in early breast cancer survivors. J Adv Nurs. 2013 Feb;69(2):305-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06008.x. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
Cronce, J M., & Larimer, M. E. (2012). Brief individual-focused alcohol interventions for college students. In H. White, D. L. Rabiner (Eds.), College drinking and drug use (pp. 161-183). New York, NY US: Guilford Press.
Dearing RL, Stuewig J, Tangney JP On the importance of distinguishing shame from guilt: relations to problematic alcohol and drug use. Addict Behav. 2005 Aug;30(7):1392-404. Epub 2005 Apr 13.
Doumas, D M., Kane, C. M., Navarro, B. B., & Roman, J. (2011). Decreasing heavy drinking in first-year students: Evaluation of a web-based personalized feedback program administered during orientation. Journal of College Counseling, 14(1), 5-20. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1882.2011.tb00060.x
Elliott JC, Carey KB, Bolles JR Computer-based interventions for college drinking: a qualitative review. Addict Behav. 2008 Aug;33(8):994-1005. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.03.006. Epub 2008 Apr 7. Review.
Francis ME, Pennebaker JW Putting stress into words: the impact of writing on physiological, absentee, and self-reported emotional well-being measures. Am J Health Promot. 1992 Mar-Apr;6(4):280-7.
Gaume J, Bertholet N, Faouzi M, Gmel G, Daeppen JB Does change talk during brief motivational interventions with young men predict change in alcohol use? J Subst Abuse Treat. 2013 Feb;44(2):177-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2012.04.005. Epub 2012 Jun 1.
Harvey AG, Farrell C The efficacy of a Pennebaker-like writing intervention for poor sleepers. Behav Sleep Med. 2003;1(2):115-24.
Hurlbut SC, Sher KJ Assessing alcohol problems in college students. J Am Coll Health. 1992 Sep;41(2):49-58.
Klein K, Boals A Expressive writing can increase working memory capacity. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2001 Sep;130(3):520-33.
Knee, C , & Neighbors, C. (2002). Self-determination, perception of peer pressure, and drinking among college students. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(3), 522-543.doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00228.x
Leith, K P., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Empathy, shame, guilt, and narratives of interpersonal conflicts: Guiltprone people are better at perspective taking. Journal of Personality, 66, 1-37.
Lewis MA, Neighbors C Optimizing personalized normative feedback: the use of gender-specific referents. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007 Mar;68(2):228-37.
Lu Q, Stanton AL How benefits of expressive writing vary as a function of writing instructions, ethnicity and ambivalence over emotional expression. Psychol Health. 2010 Jul;25(6):669-84. doi: 10.1080/08870440902883196.
Lumley, M A., & Provenzano, K. M. (2003). Stress management through written emotional disclosure improves academic performance among college students with physical symptoms. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(3), 641-649. doi:10.1037/0022 0663.95.3.641
Miller MB, Leffingwell T, Claborn K, Meier E, Walters S, Neighbors C Personalized feedback interventions for college alcohol misuse: an update of Walters & Neighbors (2005). Psychol Addict Behav. 2013 Dec;27(4):909-20. doi: 10.1037/a0031174. Epub 2012 Dec 31. Erratum in: Psychol Addict Behav. 2013 Dec;27(4):1101.
Neighbors C, Larimer ME, Lewis MA Targeting misperceptions of descriptive drinking norms: efficacy of a computer-delivered personalized normative feedback intervention. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Jun;72(3):434-47.
Neighbors C, Lee CM, Lewis MA, Fossos N, Walter T Internet-based personalized feedback to reduce 21st-birthday drinking: a randomized controlled trial of an event-specific prevention intervention. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Feb;77(1):51-63. doi: 10.1037/a0014386.
Neighbors C, Lewis MA, Bergstrom RL, Larimer ME Being controlled by normative influences: self-determination as a moderator of a normative feedback alcohol intervention. Health Psychol. 2006 Sep;25(5):571-9.
Pennebaker JW, Beall SK Confronting a traumatic event: toward an understanding of inhibition and disease. J Abnorm Psychol. 1986 Aug;95(3):274-81.
Pennebaker, J W. (1997). Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process. Psychological Science, 8(3), 162-166. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00403.x
Radloff, L S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.doi:10.1177/014662167700100306
Searles JS, Helzer JE, Rose GL, Badger GJ Concurrent and retrospective reports of alcohol consumption across 30, 90 and 366 days: interactive voice response compared with the timeline follow back. J Stud Alcohol. 2002 May;63(3):352-62.
Smyth J, Helm R Focused expressive writing as self-help for stress and trauma. J Clin Psychol. 2003 Feb;59(2):227-35. Review.
Spera, S P., Buhrfeind, E. D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1994). Expressive writing and coping with job loss. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 722-733. doi:10.2307/256708
Walters ST, Neighbors C Feedback interventions for college alcohol misuse: what, why and for whom? Addict Behav. 2005 Jul;30(6):1168-82. Epub 2005 Jan 20. Review.
Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Jun;54(6):1063-70.
White HR, Labouvie EW Towards the assessment of adolescent problem drinking. J Stud Alcohol. 1989 Jan;50(1):30-7.
Young CM, Rodriguez LM, Neighbors C Expressive writing as a brief intervention for reducing drinking intentions. Addict Behav. 2013 Dec;38(12):2913-7. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.025. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
