Airway Obstruction — Effect of Esmolol on Perioperative Stress Reaction
Citation(s)
Efe EM, Bilgin BA, Alanoglu Z, Akbaba M, Denker C Comparison of bolus and continuous infusion of esmolol on hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy, endotracheal intubation and sternotomy in coronary artery bypass graft. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2014 Jul-Aug;64(4):247-52. doi: 10.1016/j.bjane.2013.07.003. Epub 2013 Oct 25.
Hasegawa D, Sato R, Prasitlumkum N, Nishida K, Takahashi K, Yatabe T, Nishida O Effect of Ultrashort-Acting beta-Blockers on Mortality in Patients With Sepsis With Persistent Tachycardia Despite Initial Resuscitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Chest. 2021 Jun;159(6):2289-2300. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.01.009. Epub 2021 Jan 9.
Hoshijima H, Maruyama K, Mihara T, Boku AS, Shiga T, Nagasaka H Use of the GlideScope does not lower the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation more than the Macintosh laryngoscope: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Nov 25;99(48):e23345. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000023345.
Lakhe G, Pradhan S, Dhakal S Hemodynamic Response to Laryngoscopy and Intubation Using McCoy Laryngoscope: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2021 Jul 1;59(238):554-557. doi: 10.31729/jnma.6752.
Mendonca FT, Silva SLD, Nilton TM, Alves IRR Effects of lidocaine and esmolol on hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation: a randomized clinical trial. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2022 Jan-Feb;72(1):95-102. doi: 10.1016/j.bjane.2021.01.014. Epub 2021 Sep 25.
Effect of Continuous Infusion of Esmolol on Perioperative Stress Reaction in Patients Undergoing Airway Intervention
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
