AIDS/HIV — Smoking Cessation Intervention for Women Living With HIV
Citation(s)
Bancroft A Women, Families & HIV/AIDS: A Sociological Perspective on the Epidemic in America. J Health Psychol. 2001 May;6(3):356-8. doi: 10.1177/135910530100600309.
Moscou-Jackson G, Commodore-Mensah Y, Farley J, DiGiacomo M Smoking-cessation interventions in people living with HIV infection: a systematic review. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2014 Jan-Feb;25(1):32-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2013.04.005. Epub 2013 Jul 20. Review.
Paudel V, Baral KP Women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA), battling stigma, discrimination and denial and the role of support groups as a coping strategy: a review of literature. Reprod Health. 2015 Jun 2;12:53. doi: 10.1186/s12978-015-0032-9. Review.
Vidrine DJ, Marks RM, Arduino RC, Gritz ER Efficacy of cell phone-delivered smoking cessation counseling for persons living with HIV/AIDS: 3-month outcomes. Nicotine Tob Res. 2012 Jan;14(1):106-10. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr121. Epub 2011 Jun 13.
Smoking Cessation Intervention for Women With HIV/AIDS
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
