Agitation — Midazolam Effect on Agitation Postnasal Surgery
Citation(s)
Cho EJ, Yoon SZ, Cho JE, Lee HW Comparison of the effects of 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg midazolam with placebo on prevention of emergence agitation in children having strabismus surgery. Anesthesiology. 2014 Jun;120(6):1354-61. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000181
Kim KM, Lee KH, Kim YH, Ko MJ, Jung JW, Kang E Comparison of effects of intravenous midazolam and ketamine on emergence agitation in children: Randomized controlled trial. J Int Med Res. 2016 Apr;44(2):258-66. doi: 10.1177/0300060515621639. Epub 2016 Feb
Kim SY, Kim JM, Lee JH, Song BM, Koo BN Efficacy of intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion on emergence agitation and quality of recovery after nasal surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Aug;111(2):222-8. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet056. Epub 2013 Mar 22.
Sherwin TS, Green SM, Khan A, Chapman DS, Dannenberg B Does adjunctive midazolam reduce recovery agitation after ketamine sedation for pediatric procedures? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2000 Mar;35(3):229-38.
Midazolam Effect on Agitation Postnasal Surgery: A Double Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
