Fazeli PL, Ross LA, Vance DE, Ball K The relationship between computer experience and computerized cognitive test performance among older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2013 May;68(3):337-46. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbs071. Epub 2012 Aug 28.
Kaur J, Dodson JE, Steadman L, Vance DE Predictors of improvement following speed of processing training in middle-aged and older adults with HIV: a pilot study. J Neurosci Nurs. 2014 Feb;46(1):23-33. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0000000000000034.
Lin F, Chen DG, Vance D, Mapstone M Trajectories of combined laboratory- and real world-based speed of processing in community-dwelling older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2013 May;68(3):364-73. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbs075. Epub 2012 Sep 11.
Vance DE, Fazeli PL, Moneyham L, Keltner NL, Raper JL Assessing and treating forgetfulness and cognitive problems in adults with HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2013 Jan-Feb;24(1 Suppl):S40-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2012.03.006.
Vance DE, Fazeli PL, Ross LA, Wadley VG, Ball KK Speed of processing training with middle-age and older adults with HIV: a pilot study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2012 Nov-Dec;23(6):500-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2012.01.005. Epub 2012 May 11.
Vance DE Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Mitigation Strategies of Cognitive Deficits in Aging with HIV: Implications for Practice and Research. ISRN Nurs. 2013;2013:297173. doi: 10.1155/2013/297173. Epub 2013 Feb 3.
Individualized-Targeted Cognitive Training in Older Adults With HAND
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
