Age-Related Macular Degeneration — Flavonoids and Age-related Macular Degeneration
Citation(s)
Attebo K, Mitchell P, Smith W Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1996 Mar;103(3):357-64.
Gopinath B, Flood VM, Kifley A, Liew G, Mitchell P Smoking, antioxidant supplementation and dietary intakes among older adults with age-related macular degeneration over 10 years. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 30;10(3):e0122548. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122548. e
Gopinath B, Flood VM, Kifley A, Louie JC, Mitchell P Association Between Carbohydrate Nutrition and Successful Aging Over 10 Years. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2016 Oct;71(10):1335-40. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glw091. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
Gopinath B, Liew G, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P Age-related macular degeneration and risk of total and cause-specific mortality over 15 years. Maturitas. 2016 Feb;84:63-7. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.11.001. Epub 2015 Nov 4.
Gopinath B, Liew G, Kifley A, Mitchell P Thyroid Dysfunction and Ten-Year Incidence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 Oct 1;57(13):5273-5277. doi: 10.1167/iovs.16-19735.
Gopinath B, McMahon CM, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P Hearing and vision impairment and the 5-year incidence of falls in older adults. Age Ageing. 2016 May;45(3):409-14. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afw022. Epub 2016 Mar 5.
Mitchell P, Smith W, Attebo K, Wang JJ Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1995 Oct;102(10):1450-60. Review.
Smith W, Mitchell P, Leeder SR Smoking and age-related maculopathy. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996 Dec;114(12):1518-23.
Dietary Flavonoids and the Prevalence and 15-year Incidence of Age-related Macular Degeneration in the Blue Mountains Eye Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
