Advanced Cancer — The Role of Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Advanced Cancer Patients With Pain
Citation(s)
Bergman P, Sperneder S, Hoijer J, Bergqvist J, Bjorkhem-Bergman L Low vitamin D levels are associated with higher opioid dose in palliative cancer patients--results from an observational study in Sweden. PLoS One. 2015 May 27;10(5):e0128223. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128223. eCollection 2015.
Helde-Frankling M, Hoijer J, Bergqvist J, Bjorkhem-Bergman L Vitamin D supplementation to palliative cancer patients shows positive effects on pain and infections-Results from a matched case-control study. PLoS One. 2017 Aug 31;12(8):e0184208. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184208. eCollection 2017.
Hewison M Antibacterial effects of vitamin D. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011 Jun;7(6):337-45. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2010.226. Epub 2011 Jan 25. Erratum In: Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011 Aug;7(8):436.
Martinez-Alonso M, Dusso A, Ariza G, Nabal M Vitamin D deficiency and its association with fatigue and quality of life in advanced cancer patients under palliative care: A cross-sectional study. Palliat Med. 2016 Jan;30(1):89-96. doi: 10.1177/0269216315601954. Epub 2015 Aug 27.
Spedding S, Vanlint S, Morris H, Scragg R Does vitamin D sufficiency equate to a single serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level or are different levels required for non-skeletal diseases? Nutrients. 2013 Dec 16;5(12):5127-39. doi: 10.3390/nu5125127.
The Role of Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Advanced Cancer Patients With Pain
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
