Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis — Three-dimensional Effects of Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Citation(s)
Luk KD, Cheung WY, Wong Y, Cheung KM, Wong YW, Samartzis D The predictive value of the fulcrum bending radiograph in spontaneous apical vertebral derotation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012 Jul 1;37(15):E922-6. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31824f108f.
Luk KD, Vidyadhara S, Lu DS, Wong YW, Cheung WY, Cheung KM Coupling between sagittal and frontal plane deformity correction in idiopathic thoracic scoliosis and its relationship with postoperative sagittal alignment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 May 15;35(11):1158-64. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181bb49f3.
Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Wright JG, Dobbs MB Effects of bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 17;369(16):1512-21. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1307337. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
Three-dimensional Effects of Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
