Acute Pancreatitis — Initial Pain Management in Pediatric Pancreatitis: Opioid vs. Non-Opioid
Citation(s)
Abu-El-Haija M, Lin TK, Palermo J Update to the management of pediatric acute pancreatitis: highlighting areas in need of research. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014 Jun;58(6):689-93. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000360.
Bai HX, Lowe ME, Husain SZ What have we learned about acute pancreatitis in children? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Mar;52(3):262-70. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182061d75.
Grover AS, Mitchell PD, Manzi SF, Fox VL Initial Pain Management in Pediatric Acute Pancreatitis: Opioid Versus Non-opioid. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 Feb;66(2):295-298. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001809.
Hadland SE, Wood E, Levy S How the paediatric workforce can address the opioid crisis. Lancet. 2016 Sep 24;388(10051):1260-1. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31573-2. No abstract available.
Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009 Apr;42(2):377-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010. Epub 2008 Sep 30.
Howard ML, Isaacs AN, Nisly SA Continuous Infusion Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Perioperative Pain Management. J Pharm Pract. 2018 Feb;31(1):66-81. doi: 10.1177/0897190016665539. Epub 2016 Aug 31.
Huguet A, Stinson JN, McGrath PJ Measurement of self-reported pain intensity in children and adolescents. J Psychosom Res. 2010 Apr;68(4):329-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.06.003. Epub 2009 Oct 2.
Morinville VD, Barmada MM, Lowe ME Increasing incidence of acute pancreatitis at an American pediatric tertiary care center: is greater awareness among physicians responsible? Pancreas. 2010 Jan;39(1):5-8. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181baac47.
Nydegger A, Heine RG, Ranuh R, Gegati-Levy R, Crameri J, Oliver MR Changing incidence of acute pancreatitis: 10-year experience at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Aug;22(8):1313-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.04936.x. Epub 2007 Apr 19.
Rudd RA, Seth P, David F, Scholl L Increases in Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths - United States, 2010-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Dec 30;65(50-51):1445-1452. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm655051e1.
Wu BU, Banks PA Clinical management of patients with acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2013 Jun;144(6):1272-81. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.075.
Initial Pain Management in Pediatric Pancreatitis: Opioid vs. Non-Opioid
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
