Acute Pancreatitis — Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Pancreatitis
Citation(s)
Allegretti JR, Hamilton MJ Restoring the gut microbiome for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Apr 7;20(13):3468-74. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i13.3468. Review.
Brandt LJ, Aroniadis OC An overview of fecal microbiota transplantation: techniques, indications, and outcomes. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013 Aug;78(2):240-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2013.03.1329. Epub 2013 May 2. Review.
Cui LH, Wang XH, Peng LH, Yu L, Yang YS [The effects of early enteral nutrition with addition of probiotics on the prognosis of patients suffering from severe acute pancreatitis]. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2013 Apr;25(4):224-8. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4352.2013.04.011. Chinese.
Liu H, Li W, Wang X, Li J, Yu W Early gut mucosal dysfunction in patients with acute pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2008 Mar;36(2):192-6. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e31815a399f.
Singh R, Nieuwdorp M, ten Berge IJ, Bemelman FJ, Geerlings SE The potential beneficial role of faecal microbiota transplantation in diseases other than Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 Nov;20(11):1119-25. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12799. Epub 2014 Nov 7. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
