Acute Pain — Continuous Adductor Canal Block in Outpatient Total Knee Arthroplasty
Citation(s)
Cullom C, Weed JT Anesthetic and Analgesic Management for Outpatient Knee Arthroplasty. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2017 May;21(5):23. doi: 10.1007/s11916-017-0623-y.
Hanson NA, Lee PH, Yuan SC, Choi DS, Allen CJ, Auyong DB Continuous ambulatory adductor canal catheters for patients undergoing knee arthroplasty surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2016 Dec;35:190-194. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.07.022. Epub 2016 Aug 30.
Ilfeld BM, Duke KB, Donohue MC The association between lower extremity continuous peripheral nerve blocks and patient falls after knee and hip arthroplasty. Anesth Analg. 2010 Dec;111(6):1552-4. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181fb9507. Epub 2010 Oct 1.
Leung P, Dickerson DM, Denduluri SK, Mohammed MK, Lu M, Anitescu M, Luu HH Postoperative continuous adductor canal block for total knee arthroplasty improves pain and functional recovery: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Anesth. 2018 Sep;49:46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.06.004. Epub 2018 Jun 8.
Myles PS More than just morbidity and mortality - quality of recovery and long-term functional recovery after surgery. Anaesthesia. 2020 Jan;75 Suppl 1:e143-e150. doi: 10.1111/anae.14786.
Sankineani SR, Reddy ARC, Eachempati KK, Jangale A, Gurava Reddy AV Comparison of adductor canal block and IPACK block (interspace between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee) with adductor canal block alone after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective control trial on pain and knee function in immediate postoperative period. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2018 Oct;28(7):1391-1395. doi: 10.1007/s00590-018-2218-7. Epub 2018 May 2.
Sharma S, Iorio R, Specht LM, Davies-Lepie S, Healy WL Complications of femoral nerve block for total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010 Jan;468(1):135-40. doi: 10.1007/s11999-009-1025-1. Epub 2009 Aug 13.
Sun C, Zhang X, Song F, Zhao Z, Du R, Wu S, Ma Q, Cai X Is continuous catheter adductor canal block better than single-shot canal adductor canal block in primary total knee arthroplasty?: A GRADE analysis of the evidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 May;99(20):e20320. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000020320.
Yu R, Wang H, Zhuo Y, Liu D, Wu C, Zhang Y Continuous adductor canal block provides better performance after total knee arthroplasty compared with the single-shot adductor canal block?: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Oct 23;99(43):e22762. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022762.
Continuous Adductor Canal Block in Outpatient Total Knee Arthroplasty
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.