Acute Lung Injury — Work of Breathing and Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Lung Injury
Citation(s)
1 Dreyfus D, Sauman G. Ventilation induced injury. In: Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation. Tobin M J. Editor. New York: McGraw Hill Publishers; 1994: 793-811.
6 Tuxen DV. Permisive hypercapnia. In: Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation. Tobin M J. Editor. New York: McGraw Hill Publishers; 1994: 371-392.
Dreyfuss D, Soler P, Basset G, Saumon G High inflation pressure pulmonary edema. Respective effects of high airway pressure, high tidal volume, and positive end-expiratory pressure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 May;137(5):1159-64.
Froese AB, Bryan AC Effects of anesthesia and paralysis on diaphragmatic mechanics in man. Anesthesiology. 1974 Sep;41(3):242-55.
Gattinoni L, Pesenti A The concept of "baby lung". Intensive Care Med. 2005 Jun;31(6):776-84. Epub 2005 Apr 6.
Hickling KG Ventilatory management of ARDS: can it affect the outcome? Intensive Care Med. 1990;16(4):219-26. Review.
Kallet RH, Campbell AR, Dicker RA, Katz JA, Mackersie RC Work of breathing during lung-protective ventilation in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a comparison between volume and pressure-regulated breathing modes. Respir Care. 2005 Dec;50(12):1623-31.
Lachmann B, Jonson B, Lindroth M, Robertson B Modes of artificial ventilation in severe respiratory distress syndrome. Lung function and morphology in rabbits after wash-out of alveolar surfactant. Crit Care Med. 1982 Nov;10(11):724-32.
Myers TR, MacIntyre NR Respiratory controversies in the critical care setting. Does airway pressure release ventilation offer important new advantages in mechanical ventilator support? Respir Care. 2007 Apr;52(4):452-8; discussion 458-60.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
