Acute Ischemic Stroke — Ventilation Modalities and Acute Ischemic Stroke
Citation(s)
Gottlieb E, Landau E, Baxter H, Werden E, Howard ME, Brodtmann A The bidirectional impact of sleep and circadian rhythm dysfunction in human ischaemic stroke: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2019 Jun;45:54-69. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.03.003. Epub 2019 Mar 20.
Ho CH, Chen CL, Yu CC, Yang YH, Chen CY High-flow nasal cannula ventilation therapy for obstructive sleep apnea in ischemic stroke patients requiring nasogastric tube feeding: a preliminary study. Sci Rep. 2020 May 22;10(1):8524. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65335-z.
Lin HJ, Yeh JH, Hsieh MT, Hsu CY Continuous positive airway pressure with good adherence can reduce risk of stroke in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2020 Dec;54:101354. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101354. Epub 2020 Jul 15.
Tanayapong P, Kuna ST Sleep disordered breathing as a cause and consequence of stroke: A review of pathophysiological and clinical relationships. Sleep Med Rev. 2021 Oct;59:101499. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101499. Epub 2021 Apr 30.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
