Acute Coronary Syndrome — Impact of Ticagrelor on the Endothelial Healing Following Drug-eluting Stent Implantation in the Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Citation(s)
Kim JS, Fan C, Choi D, Jang IK, Lee JM, Kim TH, Park SM, Paik SI, Ko YG, Hong MK, Jang Y, Chung N Different patterns of neointimal coverage between acute coronary syndrome and stable angina after various types of drug-eluting stents implantation; 9-month follow-up optical coherence tomography study. Int J Cardiol. 2011 Feb 3;146(3):341-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.07.012. Epub 2009 Aug 25.
Patil SB, Jackman LE, Francis SE, Judge HM, Nylander S, Storey RF Ticagrelor effectively and reversibly blocks murine platelet P2Y12-mediated thrombosis and demonstrates a requirement for sustained P2Y12 inhibition to prevent subsequent neointima. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Dec;30(12):2385-91. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.210732. Epub 2010 Nov 11.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
