Agorastos A, Marmar CR, Otte C Immediate and early behavioral interventions for the prevention of acute and posttraumatic stress disorder. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2011 Nov;24(6):526-32. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32834cdde2. Review.
Breslau N, Davis GC, Andreski P, Peterson E Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991 Mar;48(3):216-22.
Hamilton M Rating depressive patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1980 Dec;41(12 Pt 2):21-4.
Hayes JP, Hayes SM, Mikedis AM Quantitative meta-analysis of neural activity in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Mood Anxiety Disord. 2012 May 18;2:9. doi: 10.1186/2045-5380-2-9.
Kamiya, J , Operant control of the EEG alpha rhythm and some of its reported effects on consciousness, in Altered states of consciousness. 1969, Wiley: New York. p. 519-29
McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Lu JF, Sherbourne CD The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): III. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability across diverse patient groups. Med Care. 1994 Jan;32(1):40-66.
Michael AJ, Krishnaswamy S, Mohamed J An open label study of the use of EEG biofeedback using beta training to reduce anxiety for patients with cardiac events. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2005 Dec;1(4):357-63.
Peniston, E and P. Kulkosky, Alpha-theta brainwave neuro-feedback therapy for Vietnam veterans with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Medical Psychotherapy, 1991(4): p. 47-60
Peniston, E , et al., EEG alpha-theta brainwave synchronization in Vietnam theater veterans with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol abuse. Advances in Medical Psychotherapy, 1993(6): p. 37-50
Prasad G, Herman P, Coyle D, McDonough S, Crosbie J Applying a brain-computer interface to support motor imagery practice in people with stroke for upper limb recovery: a feasibility study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2010 Dec 14;7:60. doi: 10.1186/1743-0003-7-60.
Roberts NP, Kitchiner NJ, Kenardy J, Bisson JI Early psychological interventions to treat acute traumatic stress symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Mar 17;(3):CD007944. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007944.pub2. Review.
Spielberger, C , R. Gorsuch, and R. Lushene, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Manual. 1970, Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press
Vogel G, Foulkes D, Trosman H Ego functions and dreaming during sleep onset. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1966 Mar;14(3):238-48.
Early EEG-NF Intervention for the Prevention of PTSD in First Time ACS Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
