ACL Injury — Tourniquet Use in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair
Citation(s)
Arciero RA, Scoville CR, Hayda RA, Snyder RJ The effect of tourniquet use in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A prospective, randomized study. Am J Sports Med. 1996 Nov-Dec;24(6):758-64. doi: 10.1177/036354659602400610.
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Hooper J, Rosaeg OP, Krepski B, Johnson DH Tourniquet inflation during arthroscopic knee ligament surgery does not increase postoperative pain. Can J Anaesth. 1999 Oct;46(10):925-9. doi: 10.1007/BF03013125.
Janssen RP, Reijman M, Janssen DM, van Mourik JB Arterial complications, venous thromboembolism and deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review. World J Orthop. 2016 Sep 18;7(9):604-17. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v7.i9.604. eCollection 2016 Sep 18.
Kuo LT, Yu PA, Chen CL, Hsu WH, Chi CC Tourniquet use in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017 Aug 22;18(1):358. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1722-y.
Lee YG, Park W, Kim SH, Yun SP, Jeong H, Kim HJ, Yang DH A case of rhabdomyolysis associated with use of a pneumatic tourniquet during arthroscopic knee surgery. Korean J Intern Med. 2010 Mar;25(1):105-9. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2010.25.1.105. Epub 2010 Feb 26.
Nicholas SJ, Tyler TF, McHugh MP, Gleim GW The effect on leg strength of tourniquet use during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A prospective randomized study. Arthroscopy. 2001 Jul;17(6):603-7. doi: 10.1053/jars.2001.24854.
Reda W, ElGuindy AMF, Zahry G, Faggal MS, Karim MA Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; is a tourniquet necessary? A randomized controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016 Sep;24(9):2948-2952. doi: 10.1007/s00167-015-3582-z. Epub 2015 Mar 19.
Struijk-Mulder MC, Ettema HB, Verheyen CC, Buller HR Deep vein thrombosis after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective cohort study of 100 patients. Arthroscopy. 2013 Jul;29(7):1211-6. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.04.015.
The Implications of Tourniquet Use on Early Quadriceps Function in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
