Abortion in First Trimester — Intravenous Ketamine for Pain Control During First Trimester Surgical Abortion
Citation(s)
Agostini A, Maruani J, Roblin P, Champion J, Cravello L, Gamerre M A double-blind, randomized controlled trial of the use of a 50:50 mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen in legal abortions. Contraception. 2012 Jul;86(1):79-83. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.11.015. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
Allen RH, Fitzmaurice G, Lifford KL, Lasic M, Goldberg AB Oral compared with intravenous sedation for first-trimester surgical abortion: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Feb;113(2 Pt 1):276-83. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181938758.
Allen RH, Singh R Society of Family Planning clinical guidelines pain control in surgical abortion part 1 - local anesthesia and minimal sedation. Contraception. 2018 Jun;97(6):471-477. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.01.014. Epub 2018 Jan 31. Review.
Atkinson P, French J, Nice CA Procedural sedation and analgesia for adults in the emergency department. BMJ. 2014 May 8;348:g2965. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g2965. Erratum in: BMJ. 2015;350:h1007.
Coad NR, Mills PJ, Verma R, Ramasubramanian R Evaluation of blood loss during suction termination of pregnancy: ketamine compared with methohexitone. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1986 Apr;30(3):253-5.
Costescu D, Guilbert É No. 360-Induced Abortion: Surgical Abortion and Second Trimester Medical Methods. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2018 Jun;40(6):750-783. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.12.010.
Erbguth PH, Reiman B, Klein RL The influence of chlorpromazine, diazepam, and droperidol on emergence from ketamine. Anesth Analg. 1972 Sep-Oct;51(5):693-700.
Freuchen I, Ostergaard J, Kühl JB, Mikkelsen BO Reduction of psychotomimetic side effects of Ketalar (ketamine) by Rohypnol (flunitrazepam). A randomized, double-blind trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1976;20(2):97-103.
Galloon S Ketamine for dilatation and curettage. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1971 Nov;18(6):600-13.
Green SM, Roback MG, Kennedy RM, Krauss B Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation: 2011 update. Ann Emerg Med. 2011 May;57(5):449-61. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.11.030. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
Hejja P, Galloon S A consideration of ketamine dreams. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1975 Jan;22(1):100-5.
Hervey WH, Hustead RF Ketamine for dilatation and currettage procedures: patient acceptance. Anesth Analg. 1972 Jul-Aug;51(4):647-55.
Induced abortions reported in Canada in 2016 Ottawa: Canadian Institute for Health Information; 2018. Available at: https://www.cihi.ca/en/induced-abortions-reported-in-canada-in-2016. Accessed on July 29, 2018.
Kan AS, Caves N, Wong SY, Ng EH, Ho PC A double-blind, randomized controlled trial on the use of a 50:50 mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen in pain relief during suction evacuation for the first trimester pregnancy termination. Hum Reprod. 2006 Oct;21(10):2606-11. Epub 2006 Jun 21.
Krestow M The effect of post-anaesthetic dreaming on patient acceptance of ketamine anaesthesia: a comparison with thiopentone-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1974 Jul;21(4):385-9.
Newton A, Fitton L Intravenous ketamine for adult procedural sedation in the emergency department: a prospective cohort study. Emerg Med J. 2008 Aug;25(8):498-501. doi: 10.1136/emj.2007.053421.
Renner RM, Jensen JT, Nichols MD, Edelman AB Pain control in first-trimester surgical abortion: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Contraception. 2010 May;81(5):372-88. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.12.008. Epub 2010 Jan 27. Review.
Sacchetti A, Senula G, Strickland J, Dubin R Procedural sedation in the community emergency department: initial results of the ProSCED registry. Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Jan;14(1):41-6. Epub 2006 Aug 31.
Strayer RJ, Nelson LS Adverse events associated with ketamine for procedural sedation in adults. Am J Emerg Med. 2008 Nov;26(9):985-1028. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.12.005. Review. Erratum in: Am J Emerg Med. 2009 May;27(4):512.
Intravenous Ketamine for Pain Control During First Trimester Surgical Abortion
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
