Abdominal Surgery — Pre-operative and Post-operative Physiotherapy in Children With Abdominal Surgery
Citation(s)
Boden I, Browning L, Skinner EH, Reeve J, El-Ansary D, Robertson IK, Denehy L The LIPPSMAck POP (Lung Infection Prevention Post Surgery - Major Abdominal - with Pre-Operative Physiotherapy) trial: study protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2015 Dec 15;16:573. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-1090-6.
Katsura M, Kuriyama A, Takeshima T, Fukuhara S, Furukawa TA Preoperative inspiratory muscle training for postoperative pulmonary complications in adults undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Oct 5;(10):CD010356. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010356.pub2. Review.
Soares SM, Nucci LB, da Silva MM, Campacci TC Pulmonary function and physical performance outcomes with preoperative physical therapy in upper abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2013 Jul;27(7):616-27. doi: 10.1177/0269215512471063. Epub 2013 Feb 12.
Effects of Pre- Operative Physiotherapy Education and Post Operative Physiotherapy in Children With Abdominal Surgery
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
