Rizas KD, Ippagunta N, Tilson MD 3rd Immune cells and molecular mediators in the pathogenesis of the abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cardiol Rev. 2009 Sep-Oct;17(5):201-10. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181b04698. Review.
Serhan CN, Chiang N, Van Dyke TE Resolving inflammation: dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 May;8(5):349-61. doi: 10.1038/nri2294. Review.
Serhan CN, Clish CB, Brannon J, Colgan SP, Chiang N, Gronert K Novel functional sets of lipid-derived mediators with antiinflammatory actions generated from omega-3 fatty acids via cyclooxygenase 2-nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and transcellular processing. J Exp Med. 2000 Oct 16;192(8):1197-204.
Serhan CN Resolution phase of inflammation: novel endogenous anti-inflammatory and proresolving lipid mediators and pathways. Annu Rev Immunol. 2007;25:101-37. Review.
Spite M, Serhan CN Novel lipid mediators promote resolution of acute inflammation: impact of aspirin and statins. Circ Res. 2010 Nov 12;107(10):1170-84. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223883. Review.
Swartbol P, Truedsson L, Norgren L Adverse reactions during endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms may be triggered by interleukin 6 release from the thrombotic content. J Vasc Surg. 1998 Oct;28(4):664-8.
Wang JH, Eguchi K, Matsumoto S, Fujiu K, Komuro I, Nagai R, Manabe I The ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm development via suppression of tissue remodeling. PLoS One. 2014 May 5;9(5):e96286. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096286. eCollection 2014.
Whitehead J Monitoring and evaluating clinical trials data. Intensive Care Med. 2000;26 Suppl 1:S84-8.
Yang R, Chiang N, Oh SF, Serhan CN Metabolomics-lipidomics of eicosanoids and docosanoids generated by phagocytes. Curr Protoc Immunol. 2011 Nov;Chapter 14:Unit 14.26. doi: 10.1002/0471142735.im1426s95.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
