Albhaisi Z, Al-Khateeb SN, Abu Alhaija ES Enamel demineralization during clear aligner orthodontic treatment compared with fixed appliance therapy, evaluated with quantitative light-induced fluorescence: A randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020 May;157(5):594-601. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.01.004.
Artun J, Brobakken BO Prevalence of carious white spots after orthodontic treatment with multibonded appliances. Eur J Orthod. 1986 Nov;8(4):229-34. doi: 10.1093/ejo/8.4.229. No abstract available.
Bishara SE, Ajlouni R, Laffoon JF, Warren JJ Comparison of shear bond strength of two self-etch primer/adhesive systems. Angle Orthod. 2006 Jan;76(1):123-6. doi: 10.1043/0003-3219(2006)076[0123:COSBSO]2.0.CO;2.
Bishara SE, Gordan VV, VonWald L, Olson ME Effect of an acidic primer on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998 Sep;114(3):243-7. doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(98)70205-7.
Bishara SE, VonWald L, Laffoon JF, Warren JJ Effect of a self-etch primer/adhesive on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Jun;119(6):621-4. doi: 10.1067/mod.2001.113269.
Brown MD, Campbell PM, Schneiderman ED, Buschang PH A practice-based evaluation of the prevalence and predisposing etiology of white spot lesions. Angle Orthod. 2016 Mar;86(2):181-6. doi: 10.2319/041515-249.1. Epub 2015 Aug 4.
BUONOCORE MG A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surfaces. J Dent Res. 1955 Dec;34(6):849-53. doi: 10.1177/00220345550340060801. No abstract available.
Cal-Neto JP, Miguel JA Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of the bonding mechanism of a self-etching primer on enamel. Angle Orthod. 2006 Jan;76(1):132-6. doi: 10.1043/0003-3219(2006)076[0132:SEMEOT]2.0.CO;2.
Choi A, Yoo KH, Yoon SY, Park BS, Kim IR, Kim YI Anti-Microbial and Remineralizing Properties of Self-Adhesive Orthodontic Resin Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass. Materials (Basel). 2021 Jun 25;14(13):3550. doi: 10.3390/ma14133550.
Donly KJ, Ruiz M In vitro demineralization inhibition of enamel caries utilizing an unfilled resin. Clin Prev Dent. 1992 Nov-Dec;14(6):22-4.
Elkalza, A , Mostafa, D. (2018). 'Laboratory evaluation of shear bond strength of three different bonding systems for orthodontic brackets', Egyptian Orthodontic Journal, 53(June 2018), pp. 55-60. doi: 10.21608/eos.2018.77121
Frazier MC, Southard TE, Doster PM Prevention of enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment: an in vitro study using pit and fissure sealants. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996 Nov;110(5):459-65. doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(96)70050-1.
Ghiz MA, Ngan P, Kao E, Martin C, Gunel E Effects of sealant and self-etching primer on enamel decalcification. Part II: an in-vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009 Feb;135(2):206-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.02.060.
Gorelick L, Geiger AM, Gwinnett AJ Incidence of white spot formation after bonding and banding. Am J Orthod. 1982 Feb;81(2):93-8. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(82)90032-x.
Houston WJ The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements. Am J Orthod. 1983 May;83(5):382-90. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(83)90322-6.
Julien KC, Buschang PH, Campbell PM Prevalence of white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2013 Jul;83(4):641-7. doi: 10.2319/071712-584.1. Epub 2013 Jan 4.
Loe H The Gingival Index, the Plaque Index and the Retention Index Systems. J Periodontol. 1967 Nov-Dec;38(6):Suppl:610-6. doi: 10.1902/jop.1967.38.6.610. No abstract available.
Miller CC, Burnside G, Higham SM, Flannigan NL Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital as an oral hygiene evaluation tool to assess plaque accumulation and enamel demineralization in orthodontics. Angle Orthod. 2016 Nov;86(6):991-997. doi: 10.2319/092415-648.1. Epub 2016 Mar 23.
Mohammed RE, Abass S, Abubakr NH, Mohammed ZM Comparing orthodontic bond failures of light-cured composite resin with chemical-cured composite resin: A 12-month clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016 Aug;150(2):290-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.02.013.
Montasser MA, El-Wassefy NA, Taha M In vitro study of the potential protection of sound enamel against demineralization. Prog Orthod. 2015;16:12. doi: 10.1186/s40510-015-0080-2. Epub 2015 May 22.
Ogaard B, Rolla G, Arends J Orthodontic appliances and enamel demineralization. Part 1. Lesion development. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988 Jul;94(1):68-73. doi: 10.1016/0889-5406(88)90453-2.
Ogaard B Prevalence of white spot lesions in 19-year-olds: a study on untreated and orthodontically treated persons 5 years after treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989 Nov;96(5):423-7. doi: 10.1016/0889-5406(89)90327-2.
Paschos E, Rosenbeck KA, Huth KC, Rudzki I, Wichelhaus A, Kunzelmann KH Evaluation of the effect of bracket-periphery treatment on prevention of enamel demineralization by consecutive muCT scans. Clin Oral Investig. 2015 Jul;19(6):1519-26. doi: 10.1007/s00784-014-1351-x. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
SILNESS J, LOE H PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY. II. CORRELATION BETWEEN ORAL HYGIENE AND PERIODONTAL CONDTION. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964 Feb;22:121-35. doi: 10.3109/00016356408993968. No abstract available.
Tufekci E, Dixon JS, Gunsolley JC, Lindauer SJ Prevalence of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Angle Orthod. 2011 Mar;81(2):206-10. doi: 10.2319/051710-262.1.
Visel D, Jacker T, Jost-Brinkmann PG, Prager TM Demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets after application of conventional and self-etching primer systems. J Orofac Orthop. 2014 Sep;75(5):358-73. doi: 10.1007/s00056-014-0233-9. Epub 2014 Aug 28. Erratum In: J Orofac Orthop. 2015 Jan;76(1):99. Jacker, T [corrected to Jacker, Theresa].
Comparison of Three Orthodontic Bonding Systems in White Spot Lesion Development: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
