Short-course Methenamine Hippurate for Prevention of Post-operative UTI

Urinary Tract Infections Clinical Trial

— NO-UTI  

Official title:

The Efficacy and Cost-effectiveness of a 24-hour Course of metheNamine Hippurate for Preventing Post-Operative Urinary Tract Infection

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02358993
• Other study ID #: 820117
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: December 2014
• Est. completion date: September 30, 2020

Study information

• Verified date: February 2022
• Source: University of Pennsylvania
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The investigators will determine the efficacy of an innovative short regimen of methenamine hippurate on prevention of post-operative UTI in patients requiring short-term catheterization after pelvic reconstructive surgery through a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Primary outcome will be the rate of symptomatic UTI within 3 weeks of catheter removal. The investigators will study cost-effectiveness, antibiotic resistance profiles, and adverse drug effects. Findings may reduce antibiotic use and nosocomial UTIs.

Description:

Prevention of post-operative urinary tract infections (UTI) is becoming important for both the individual patient and the health system. Complications of UTI include pyelonephritis and bacteremia, requiring hospitalization and parenteral antibiotics. Additionally, recurrent exposure to antibiotics commonly given for UTIs increases the risk of antibiotic resistance to uropathogens. UTIs also increase economic burdens on the health care system, with each episode costing nearly 600 dollars. UTIs associated with catheterization are particularly costly for hospitals, resulting in decreased hospital quality measures and lack of compensation.

This is particularly important after pelvic reconstructive surgery, as reported rates of UTI reach up to 20-25%. Urinary retention requiring short-term indwelling catheterization, common in these women, contributes to the risk of UTIs by increasing the risk of bacteriuria by 5-10% per day and through the dislodging of bacterial colonies during catheter removal. Balancing prevention and resistance and cost is key. A meta-analysis by Marschall et al indicated the benefit of a short dose of antibiotic prophylaxis at catheter removal in general post-surgical patients. However, data is lacking on the effects of daily antibiotic prophylaxis on resistance and cost.

A possible alternative to antibiotics presents itself in methenamine hippurate, a urinary antiseptic which forms formaldehyde in the presence of acidic urine. It is relatively inexpensive, and does not induce resistance in vivo. Prior studies have shown that daily use of methenamine can decrease the risk of post-operative UTI.

The purpose of our study was to investigate the efficacy of a short course of methenamine hippurate at catheter removal to that of a short course of ciprofloxacin in prevention of UTIs after short-term indwelling catheterization. Additionally, we investigated factors that influence post-operative UTIs, the rate of culture-proven UTIs after prophylaxis, the antibiotic resistance profile of those undergoing prophylaxis, and the cost effectiveness of prophylaxis.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 201
• Est. completion date: September 30, 2020
• Est. primary completion date: September 30, 2020
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• female;

• patients who are able to read and write English;

• 18 years of age or older;

• underwent surgery for pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, or both;

• require post-operative short-term transurethral catheterization for greater than 24 hours.

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients undergoing surgical intervention for sacral neuromodulation, or mesh excision;

• patients requiring long-term catheterization secondary to injury to the urinary tract;

• patients who pass their post-operative trial void and thus, do not require additional catheterization;

• patients requiring catheterization for less than 24 hours;

• pregnant patients;

• patients who are breast-feeding;

• allergy to methenamine hippurate or fluroquinolones (either ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin);

• impaired renal or hepatic function;

• pre-operative urinary retention;

• patients who are currently using sulfonamides;

• patients who have severe dehydration;

• patients using tizanidine;

• patients sensitive to quinolones class;

• patients using theophylline; patients with myasthenia gravis;

• patients with prolongation of QT interval.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Catheter-Related Infections
• Communicable Diseases
• Infections
• Urinary Tract Infections

Intervention

Drug:
• methenamine hippurate
A urinary antiseptic used for prevention of UTI
• Ciprofloxacin
An antibiotic used for treatment and prevention of UTI

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Chestnut Hill Hospital	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Penn Presbyterian Medical Center	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Pennsylvania Hospital	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Pennsylvania

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (25)

ACOG practice bulletin No. 104: antibiotic prophylaxis for gynecologic procedures. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 May;113(5):1180-1189. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181a6d011. — View Citation

Anger JT, Litwin MS, Wang Q, Pashos CL, Rodríguez LV. Complications of sling surgery among female Medicare beneficiaries. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Mar;109(3):707-14. — View Citation

Baertschi U, Kunz J. [Comparative study on the question of systemic chemoprophylaxis following gynecological surgery]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1976 Mar 13;106(11):380-5. German. — View Citation

Dieter AA, Amundsen CL, Edenfield AL, Kawasaki A, Levin PJ, Visco AG, Siddiqui NY. Oral antibiotics to prevent postoperative urinary tract infection: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Jan;123(1):96-103. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000024. Erratum in: Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Mar;123(3):669. — View Citation

Duclos JM, Larrouturou P, Sarkis P. Timing of antibiotic prophylaxis with cefotaxime for prostatic resection: better in the operative period or at urethral catheter removal? Am J Surg. 1992 Oct;164(4A Suppl):21S-23S. — View Citation

Ghezzi F, Serati M, Cromi A, Uccella S, Salvatore S, Bolis P. Prophylactic single-dose prulifloxacin for catheter-associated urinary tract infection after tension-free vaginal tape procedure. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2007 Jul;18(7):753-7. Epub 2006 Nov 21. — View Citation

Gordon KA, Jones RN; SENTRY Participant Groups (Europe, Latin America, North America). Susceptibility patterns of orally administered antimicrobials among urinary tract infection pathogens from hospitalized patients in North America: comparison report to Europe and Latin America. Results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2000). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003 Apr;45(4):295-301. — View Citation

Hakvoort RA, Elberink R, Vollebregt A, Ploeg T, Emanuel MH. How long should urinary bladder catheterisation be continued after vaginal prolapse surgery? A randomised controlled trial comparing short term versus long term catheterisation after vaginal prolapse surgery. BJOG. 2004 Aug;111(8):828-30. — View Citation

Harding GK, Nicolle LE, Ronald AR, Preiksaitis JK, Forward KR, Low DE, Cheang M. How long should catheter-acquired urinary tract infection in women be treated? A randomized controlled study. Ann Intern Med. 1991 May 1;114(9):713-9. — View Citation

Knoff T. [Methenamine hippurate. Short-term catheterization in gynecologic surgery. A double-blind comparison of Hiprex and placebo]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1985 Mar 10;105(7):498-9. Norwegian. — View Citation

Ladehoff P, Jacobsen JC, Olsen H, Pedersen GT, Sørensen T. [The preventive effect of methenamine hippurate (Haiprex) on urinary infections after short-term catheterization. A clinical study]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1984 May 7;146(19):1433-4. Danish. — View Citation

Lee BS, Bhuta T, Simpson JM, Craig JC. Methenamine hippurate for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Oct 17;10:CD003265. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003265.pub3. Review. — View Citation

Lusardi G, Lipp A, Shaw C. Antibiotic prophylaxis for short-term catheter bladder drainage in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 3;(7):CD005428. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005428.pub2. Review. — View Citation

Marschall J, Carpenter CR, Fowler S, Trautner BW; CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. Antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections after removal of urinary catheter: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013 Jun 11;346:f3147. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f3147. Review. Erratum in: BMJ. 2013;347:f5325. — View Citation

Rogers RG, Kammerer-Doak D, Olsen A, Thompson PK, Walters MD, Lukacz ES, Qualls C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of the effect of nitrofurantoin monohydrate macrocrystals on the development of urinary tract infections after surgery for pelvic organ prolapse and/or stress urinary incontinence with suprapubic catheterization. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Jul;191(1):182-7. — View Citation

Saint S. Clinical and economic consequences of nosocomial catheter-related bacteriuria. Am J Infect Control. 2000 Feb;28(1):68-75. — View Citation

Schiøtz HA, Guttu K. Value of urinary prophylaxis with methenamine in gynecologic surgery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002 Aug;81(8):743-6. — View Citation

Schiøtz HA. Comparison of 1 and 3 days' transurethral Foley catheterization after retropubic incontinence surgery. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 1996;7(2):98-101. — View Citation

Strom JG Jr, Jun HW. Effect of urine pH and ascorbic acid on the rate of conversion of methenamine to formaldehyde. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1993 Jan;14(1):61-9. — View Citation

Sutkin G, Alperin M, Meyn L, Wiesenfeld HC, Ellison R, Zyczynski HM. Symptomatic urinary tract infections after surgery for prolapse and/or incontinence. Int Urogynecol J. 2010 Aug;21(8):955-61. doi: 10.1007/s00192-010-1137-x. Epub 2010 Mar 31. — View Citation

Turck M, Stamm W. Nosocomial infection of the urinary tract. Am J Med. 1981 Mar;70(3):651-4. — View Citation

Tyreman NO, Andersson PO, Kroon L, Orstam S. Urinary tract infection after vaginal surgery. Effect of prophylactic treatment with methenamine hippurate. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1986;65(7):731-3. — View Citation

Warren JW. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1987 Dec;1(4):823-54. Review. — View Citation

Wazait HD, van der Meullen J, Patel HR, Brown CT, Gadgil S, Miller RA, Kelsey MC, Emberton M. Antibiotics on urethral catheter withdrawal: a hit and miss affair. J Hosp Infect. 2004 Dec;58(4):297-302. — View Citation

Wolf JS Jr, Bennett CJ, Dmochowski RR, Hollenbeck BK, Pearle MS, Schaeffer AJ; Urologic Surgery Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Best Practice Policy Panel. Best practice policy statement on urologic surgery antimicrobial prophylaxis. J Urol. 2008 Apr;179(4):1379-90. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.01.068. Epub 2008 Feb 20. Erratum in: J Urol. 2008 Nov;180(5):2262-3. — View Citation

* Note: There are 25 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Rate of UTI Consistent With NHSN Criteria	We plan to analyze the prevalence of UTI in this population that meet the definitions of symptomatic UTI and catheter-associated UTI according to the National Healthcare Safety Network criteria.	3 weeks post-operative
Primary	Treatment of Clinically Suspected UTI - Using Intent to Treat Analysis	This is defined as any symptomatic UTI requiring treatment with antibiotics as determined by the development of 2 or more of the following symptoms, in the absence of vaginal symptoms: urinary frequency; urinary urgency; dysuria; fever over 38oC/100.4oF; suprapubic, flank, or back pain; and/or chills.	3 weeks post-operative
Primary	Treatment of Clinically Suspected UTI - Per Protocol	This is defined as any symptomatic UTI requiring treatment with antibiotics as determined by the development of 2 or more of the following symptoms, in the absence of vaginal symptoms: urinary frequency; urinary urgency; dysuria; fever over 38oC/100.4oF; suprapubic, flank, or back pain; and/or chills.	3 weeks post-operative
Secondary	Number of Participants With Culture-positive Symptomatic UTI	All patients will be encouraged to submit urine cultures prior to treatment, but this is not always possible. Amongst patients who undergo urine culture as part of standard of care for UTI, the rate of positive cultures will be identified.	3 weeks post-operative
Secondary	Antibiotic Resistance of Culture-positive Symptomatic UTI	All patients who submit urine cultures that are positive will have sensitivities performed as per standard care. The prevalence of bacterial species and sensitivities will be collected	3 weeks post-operative
Secondary	Cost-effectiveness of Prophylaxis With Methenamine Hippurate for Prevention of Post-operative UTI Compared to Prophylaxis With Fluoroquinolones	Routine costs of prevention of UTI with methenamine hippurate prophylaxis will be compared with costs of prevention of UTI with fluoroquinolone prophylaxis. We plan to capture costs for each direct medical service use, direct non-medical items, and indirect items related to post-operative UTIs in each arm of the trial.	3 weeks post-operative
Secondary	Prevalence of Side Effects	Adverse effects from the administration of methenamine and fluoroquinolones will be collected.	within 24 hours of administration

External Links

•   Ciprofloxacin (systemic). In: Lexi-Drugs Online. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp, Inc. [updated 2/19/14; accessed 2/21/14].
•   Ciprofloxacin. In: Micromedex 2.0. Martindale - The Complete Drug Reference. Ann Arbor, MI: Truven Health Analytics. [updated 8/20/2010; accessed 2/21/14].
•   Methenamine. In: Lexi-Drugs Online. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp, Inc. [updated 2/1/14; accessed 2/21/14].
•   Methenamine. In: Micromedex 2.0. Martindale - The Complete Drug Reference. Ann Arbor, MI: Truven Health Analytics. [updated 8/20/2010; accessed 2/21/14].
•   Nitrofurantoin. In: Lexi-Drugs Online. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp, Inc. [updated 2/14/14; accessed 2/21/14].
•   Nitrofurantoin. In: Micromedex 2.0. Martindale - The Complete Drug Reference. Ann Arbor, MI: Truven Health Analytics. [updated 8/20/2010; accessed 2/21/14].
•   Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim. In: Lexi-Drugs Online. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp, Inc. [updated 2/1/14; accessed 2/21/14].
•   Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim. In: Micromedex 2.0. Martindale - The Complete Drug Reference. Ann Arbor, MI: Truven Health Analytics. [updated 8/20/2010; accessed 2/21/14].