Type 2 Diabetes — ACCESS 2: AI for pediatriC diabetiC Eye examS Study 2
Citation(s)
Channa R, Wolf R, Abramoff MD Autonomous Artificial Intelligence in Diabetic Retinopathy: From Algorithm to Clinical Application. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2021 May;15(3):695-698. doi: 10.1177/1932296820909900. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
Porter M, Channa R, Wagner J, Prichett L, Liu TYA, Wolf RM Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in children and adolescents at an urban tertiary eye care center. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020 Aug;21(5):856-862. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13037. Epub 2020 May 31.
Wolf RM, Channa R, Abramoff MD, Lehmann HP Cost-effectiveness of Autonomous Point-of-Care Diabetic Retinopathy Screening for Pediatric Patients With Diabetes. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020 Oct 1;138(10):1063-1069. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.3190.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
