Trauma — Hypoxemia in the First 24 Hours After Trauma - an Observational Study
Citation(s)
Ali K, Cheek E, Sills S, Crome P, Roffe C Day-night differences in oxygen saturation and the frequency of desaturations in the first 24 hours in patients with acute stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007 Nov-Dec;16(6):239-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.07.004.
Murdock D Trauma: when there's no time to count. AORN J. 2008 Feb;87(2):322-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aorn.2007.07.008.
Rhodes CE, Denault D, Varacallo M Physiology, Oxygen Transport. 2022 Nov 14. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538336/
Rowat AM, Dennis MS, Wardlaw JM Hypoxaemia in acute stroke is frequent and worsens outcome. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006;21(3):166-72. doi: 10.1159/000090528. Epub 2005 Dec 23.
Stassen W, Welzel T The prevalence of hypotension and hypoxaemia in blunt traumatic brain injury in the prehospital setting of Johannesburg, South Africa: A retrospective chart review. S Afr Med J. 2014 May 12;104(6):424-7. doi: 10.7196/samj.7494.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
