Effects of OEP on Rehabilitation Outcomes on TKR Patients

Total Knee Replacement Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effects of the Otago Exercise Program on Rehabilitation Outcomes of Balance, Strength and Functional Outcomes in Post-Operative Total Knee Replacement Patients

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06190977
• Other study ID #: Farrah azeem
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: January 1, 2024
• Est. completion date: January 28, 2025

Study information

• Verified date: December 2023
• Source: Riphah International University
• Contact: Sara Aabroo, Ms NMPT
• Phone: 03155185508
• Email: sara.aabroo[@]riphah.edu.pk
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The aim of this research is to assess the effects of the Otago Exercise Program on Rehabilitation outcomes of balance strength and functional outcomes of post Total Knee Replacement patients. A randomized controlled trial that will include a total of 44 participants divided into two groups control and experimental. The experimental group will receive the Otago Exercise Program for four weeks, three times per week for forty to forty-five minutes. The control group will receive general TKR protocol for four weeks, three times per week for 30 minutes. Data collected will be analyzed through SPSS 25.

Description:

Total knee replacement (TKR) is one of the most effective surgical interventions for the relief of pain and functional recovery in patients with advanced osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. In this procedure, the knee joint is resurfaced with a metal or plastic implant intended to restore function, provide pain relief, and improve quality of life.

According to a study in Pakistan, a total of 14,875 people had total knee replacement in the last seven years from 2014 to 2021 with a rate of 14.8/100,000 population. In the United States, estimates of TKR incidence lie at 400,000 each year, a figure expected to grow 143% by 2050 even through conservative projections.

TKR is considered one of the most effective procedures in orthopedic surgery, but electing for it is far from straightforward: noninvasive alternatives such as weight loss, physical therapy, and NSAIDs are first exhausted. If unsuccessful, a patient will undergo a thorough examination of clinical history and comprehensive imaging of the joint to determine if a TKR is feasible, and if so, the desired implant design and size.

Despite the improvements in surgical techniques, the outcomes after TKR remain strongly influenced by the adequacy of rehabilitation and the consequent functional recovery.

Rehabilitation, with a particular emphasis on physiotherapy and exercise, is widely promoted after TKR. During the hospital stay, physiotherapy targets mobilization and achievement of functional goals relating to hospital discharge. Further post-discharge physiotherapy and exercise-based interventions promote strength and balance re-training and functional improvement. However, the provision of these services varies in content and duration.

However, it has been reported that patients with TKR do not fully recover balance and proprioception in the long-term, remaining clearly below the "abilities" of their healthy matched controls. Low balance and proprioception have been ascribed to the loss of knee receptors located in the structures such as the menisci, the cruciate ligaments, and the cartilage, which are removed for the prosthesis implant.

The Otago Exercise Program (OEP) is a home-based balance and strength training program that reduces falls and promotes muscle strength and balance in daily life.OEP is a multi-modal training method that integrates warm-up exercises (5 movements), progressive muscle strength training (5 movements), balance training (12 movements), walking sessions, and aerobic exercise. Initially, The most significant effects on fall reduction induced by the Otago program were only seen in patients who are 80 years or older but now it has shown promise in diverse rehabilitation contexts. Considering that muscle strength and balance are critical factors of TKR postoperative rehabilitation, it is plausible that postoperative OEP may provide further benefits.

This study will explore the effects of postoperative OEP on rehabilitation outcomes of balance, strength, and functional outcomes in TKR patients in regard to reducing postoperative fall occurrence and enhancing knee function. It is hypothesized that this program (OEP) would be effective with these individuals in accelerating rehabilitation and lowering the risks of falling. We constructed a 4-week intervention plan based on pre-, post and after 2nd week follow-up intervention measures of Otago exercise, and explored more effective intervention strategies of functional exercise after total knee replacement.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 44
• Est. completion date: January 28, 2025
• Est. primary completion date: December 30, 2024
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 45 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

Both genders Age 45 or above 3-6 weeks since replacement surgery Berge balance scale 21-40 Patients should have received medical clearance from their surgeon or health care provider to engage in an exercise program

Exclusion Criteria:

History of recent musculoskeletal injury of lower limb Patients have undergone revision TKR Patient with moderate cognitive impairment Patients with unstable medical conditions or active infection Patient with specific contraindications to exercise as determined by their healthcare provider such as blood clots or severe osteoporosis.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Total Knee Replacement

Intervention

Other:
• Otago Exercise Program
Exercises will include Intensity: 10 repetitions of each set for the first two weeks and 15 repetitions of each set for the last two weeks, Frequency 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Time= 40-45 minutes
• General TKR pprotocol
Exercises will include Intensity: 10 repetitions of each set, Frequency 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Time= 30 minutes

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Pakistan	NIRM	Islamabad	Punjab

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Riphah International University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Pakistan, 

References & Publications (16)

Bravi M, Longo UG, Laurito A, Greco A, Marino M, Maselli M, Sterzi S, Santacaterina F. Supervised versus unsupervised rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee. 2023 Jan;40:71-89. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2022.11.013. Epub 2022 Nov 18. — View Citation

Bukhari SI, Allana AR, Najjad KR, Noor SS, Chinoy A. Epidemiology of hip & knee replacement across Pakistan: Multicenter cross-sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2023 Nov-Dec;39(6):1557-1561. doi: 10.12669/pjms.39.6.7006. — View Citation

Chiu HL, Yeh TT, Lo YT, Liang PJ, Lee SC. The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021 Aug 6;16(8):e0255780. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255780. eCollection 2021. — View Citation

de Lima F, Melo G, Fernandes DA, Santos GM, Rosa Neto F. Effects of total knee arthroplasty for primary knee osteoarthritis on postural balance: A systematic review. Gait Posture. 2021 Sep;89:139-160. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.04.042. Epub 2021 Apr 30. — View Citation

Demircioglu A, Kezban Sahin U, Acaroz S. Discriminative Ability of the Four Balance Measures for Previous Fall Experience in Turkish Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2022 Mar 18;30(6):980-986. doi: 10.1123/japa.2021-0415. Print 2022 Dec 1. — View Citation

Dominguez-Navarro F, Silvestre-Munoz A, Igual-Camacho C, Diaz-Diaz B, Torrella JV, Rodrigo J, Paya-Rubio A, Roig-Casasus S, Blasco JM. A randomized controlled trial assessing the effects of preoperative strengthening plus balance training on balance and functional outcome up to 1 year following total knee replacement. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2021 Mar;29(3):838-848. doi: 10.1007/s00167-020-06029-x. Epub 2020 Apr 27. — View Citation

Hadamus A, Bialoszewski D, Blazkiewicz M, Kowalska AJ, Urbaniak E, Wydra KT, Wiaderna K, Boratynski R, Kobza A, Marczynski W. Assessment of the Effectiveness of Rehabilitation after Total Knee Replacement Surgery Using Sample Entropy and Classical Measures of Body Balance. Entropy (Basel). 2021 Jan 29;23(2):164. doi: 10.3390/e23020164. — View Citation

Jester R, Rodney A. The relationship between obesity and primary Total Knee Replacement: A scoping review of the literature. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs. 2021 Jul;42:100850. doi: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2021.100850. Epub 2021 Feb 16. — View Citation

Labanca L, Iovine R, Bragonzoni L, Barone G, Farella GM, Benedetti MG. Instrumented platforms for balance and proprioceptive assessment in patients with total knee replacement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gait Posture. 2020 Sep;81:230-240. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.07.080. Epub 2020 Aug 8. — View Citation

Lauretani F, Ticinesi A, Gionti L, Prati B, Nouvenne A, Tana C, Meschi T, Maggio M. Short-Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score is associated with falls in older outpatients. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019 Oct;31(10):1435-1442. doi: 10.1007/s40520-018-1082-y. Epub 2018 Dec 4. — View Citation

Nakano N, Shoman H, Olavarria F, Matsumoto T, Kuroda R, Khanduja V. Why are patients dissatisfied following a total knee replacement? A systematic review. Int Orthop. 2020 Oct;44(10):1971-2007. doi: 10.1007/s00264-020-04607-9. Epub 2020 Jul 8. — View Citation

Peng Y, Yi J, Zhang Y, Sha L, Jin S, Liu Y. The effectiveness of a group-based Otago exercise program on physical function, frailty and health status in older nursing home residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs. 2023 Jan-Feb;49:30-43. doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.10.014. Epub 2022 Nov 19. — View Citation

Phu S, Kirk B, Bani Hassan E, Vogrin S, Zanker J, Bernardo S, Duque G. The diagnostic value of the Short Physical Performance Battery for sarcopenia. BMC Geriatr. 2020 Jul 13;20(1):242. doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01642-4. — View Citation

Sun JN, Shan YZ, Wu LX, Li N, Xu FH, Kong XR, Zhang B. Preoperative high-intensity strength training combined with balance training can improve early outcomes after total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023 Sep 15;18(1):692. doi: 10.1186/s13018-023-04197-3. — View Citation

Tolpadi AA, Lee JJ, Pedoia V, Majumdar S. Deep Learning Predicts Total Knee Replacement from Magnetic Resonance Images. Sci Rep. 2020 Apr 14;10(1):6371. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63395-9. — View Citation

Viveiro LAP, Gomes GCV, Bacha JMR, Carvas Junior N, Kallas ME, Reis M, Jacob Filho W, Pompeu JE. Reliability, Validity, and Ability to Identity Fall Status of the Berg Balance Scale, Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), Mini-BESTest, and Brief-BESTest in Older Adults Who Live in Nursing Homes. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2019 Oct/Dec;42(4):E45-E54. doi: 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000215. — View Citation

* Note: There are 16 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Berg balance scale	Consists of 14 tasks and total score of 56.score of 0-20 indicates severe fall risk, 20-45 includes moderate risk of fall and 45-60 illustrates thr functional balances state.	4th week
Secondary	timed up and go (TUG) test	The test measures the time it takes for a person to stand up from a chair, walk a short distance (typically 3 meters) turn around, return and sit back down.	4th week
Secondary	short physical performance battery	The test includes three different domains (walking, sit-to-stand and balance) to assess functional mobility. The test is easy to administer and takes approximately 10 mins. The SPPB includes three sub tests.	4th week