Tinnitus — Cochlear Promontory Stimulation for Treatment of Tinnitus
Citation(s)
Arts RA, George EL, Chenault MN, Stokroos RJ Optimizing intracochlear electrical stimulation to suppress tinnitus. Ear Hear. 2015 Jan;36(1):125-35. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000090.
Arts RA, George EL, Stokroos RJ, Vermeire K Review: cochlear implants as a treatment of tinnitus in single-sided deafness. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012 Oct;20(5):398-403. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3283577b66.
Mertens G, De Bodt M, Van de Heyning P Cochlear implantation as a long-term treatment for ipsilateral incapacitating tinnitus in subjects with unilateral hearing loss up to 10 years. Hear Res. 2016 Jan;331:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.09.016. Epub 2015 Oct 24.
Rubinstein JT, Tyler RS, Johnson A, Brown CJ Electrical suppression of tinnitus with high-rate pulse trains. Otol Neurotol. 2003 May;24(3):478-85. doi: 10.1097/00129492-200305000-00021.
Steenerson RL, Cronin GW Treatment of tinnitus with electrical stimulation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999 Nov;121(5):511-3. doi: 10.1016/S0194-5998(99)70048-3.
Tyler RS Patient preferences and willingness to pay for tinnitus treatments. J Am Acad Audiol. 2012 Feb;23(2):115-25. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.23.2.6.
Watanabe K, Okawara D, Baba S, Yagi T Electrocochleographic analysis of the suppression of tinnitus by electrical promontory stimulation. Audiology. 1997 May-Jun;36(3):147-54. doi: 10.3109/00206099709071968.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
