View clinical trials related to Thyroid Diseases.
Filter by:The primary purpose is to determine how effective AG-013736 is in shrinking thyroid cancer that is resistant to radioactive iodine
Harmonic scalpel is a new surgical instrument. Its use has been recommended in patients submitted to total thyroidectomy. Few randomized controlled trials has been published. However they had small sample sizes, used intermediate outcomes and included different surgical procedures. Our objective is to asses the use of Harmonic scalpel in patients submitted to total thyroidectomy using surgical complications, operative time, drainage volume, postoperative pain, length of stay and costs as outcomes. Our hypothesis is that Harmonic scalpel decreases operative time,drainage volume, postoperative pain, length of stay and costs without increasing surgical complications
This phase II trial studies how well sunitinib malate works in treating patients with thyroid cancer that did not respond to iodine I 131 (radioactive iodine) and cannot be removed by surgery. Sunitinib malate may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth and by blocking blood flow to the tumor.
The management of thyroid cancer patients with suspicion of recurrent disease based on rising/detectable levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) involves imaging with iodine-123 whole body scintigraphy (I-123 WBS) and F-18 FDG PET/CT. However, the disease is not always detected. The use of another iodine isotope (I-124) with positron emitting characteristics for PET/CT may allow better identification of recurrent disease, thus allowing for more patients to be treated with I-131 as a curative attempt.
This will be a Phase II, open label study to establish the effect of once-daily oral doses of ZD6474 100mg in subjects with locally advanced or metastatic hereditary medullary thyroid cancer in whom no standard therapeutic option is available.
Objectives: Primary objectives: To determine the maximum tolerated doses (MTD) for the combination of imatinib mesylate, capecitabine, and dacarbazine in patients with solid tumors. To determine the overall tumor response rate to imatinib mesylate in combination with capecitabine and dacarbazine as first line and second line therapy in advanced metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. To determine the tolerability (toxicity) of this regimen. Secondary objectives: To determine the median overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) for patients treated with this combination.
Background: - An inadequate filtering system at the Mayak nuclear weapons production facility in Ozyorsk, Russia, allowed the release of various radioactive materials, particularly I-131 (radioactive iodine) into the city's atmosphere during the 1950s. - A recent pilot study found a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules in Ozyorsk residents who were exposed to the radiation in childhood during years of heavy atmospheric emissions (1952-1953) than in children exposed in later years (between 1967 and 1991) when there were almost no radioactive releases. - Understanding the role of I-131 in the development of thyroid disease is important because I-131 is commonly used in medicine (e.g., to treat hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer and to diagnose thyroid disease), and it is the major source of thyroid gland exposure in fallout from atomic bomb explosions, nuclear power plant accidents, and atmospheric venting from plutonium manufacturing facilities. Objectives: -To expand the pilot study to include 350 Ozyorsk residents who were exposed in childhood to moderate levels of radiation in order to evaluate thyroid disease in relation to the dose of I-131 exposure. Eligibility: -People who were born and living in Ozyorsk, Russia between 1954 and 1955, the period of mild radioactive releases from the Mayak nuclear weapons plant. Design: - Participants' thyroid gland and structure are examined with an ultrasound examination and blood tests. - Participants with a possible thyroid gland disorder are referred to specialists for additional diagnostic procedures.
We propose to study the prevalence of thyroid nodules and cancer in relation to radiation dose, in a defined cohort of Kazakhstan residents exposed as children to radioactive fallout from atomic bomb tests at the neighboring Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS). The population near the STS is believed to have received radiation doses from fallout that were much higher than that experienced by any population of comparable size in the US. The study population is a defined cohort of 20,000 residents, half of whom, in 1960, resided in heavily-exposed villages; the other half lived in lightly-exposed villages. The population is rural, with a diet that was and is heavily dependent upon fresh milk from household or local cows and therefore likely to have led to ingestion of radioactive iodine from fallout. The study is two parts. The first part involves a cytogenetic assay for radiation biodosimetry purposes of peripheral lymphocytes obtained from blood samples donated by 40 cohort members with individuals radiation dose estimates. Blood samples will be collected from 25 putative high-dose and 15 low-dose cohort members and processed or cytogenetic assay using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for stable chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes. This biodosimetric validation assay, will be carried out by Nailya Chaizhunusova, chief of cytogenetics at the Scientific research Institute for Radiation Medicine and Ecology, in collaboration with Dr. Tracy Yang at the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. It should be possible to detect gamma radiation doses as low as 150 mGy. The second part will involve thyroid screening by ultrasound in selected villages. The population to be screened will comprise 100-1500 members of the study cohort exposed as young children to high fallout levels, and equal numbers of comparable ages exposed to little or no fallout. Fine needle aspiration biopsy will be performed, under separate informed consent, if the palpation and ultrasound results suggest presence of a tumor. Presence and malignancy of tumor will be determined by cytopathology. Subjects with evidence of thyroid disease will be referred to thyroid specialists at the Semipalatinsk State Medical Academy. Finger stick blood samples will be obtained to assess thyroid function using RIA methods with coated tube technology for T4 and TSH. The most sensitive statistical comparisons are expected to be dose-response analyses with respect to prevalence of thyroid nodules, which are common and known to be associated with radiation dose. Comparisons in terms of thyroid cancer, and benign and malignant neoplasms combined, are likely to be less sensitive but of acceptable power if risks associated with chronic radiation in this population are similar to those associated with acute exposure to X-ray or gamma radiation in other populations.
The nuclear power plant accident at Chornobyl released large quantities of Iodine-131 and other radioisotopes of iodine in the atmosphere, contaminating thousands of square kilometers and exposing millions of people. For this study, a well-defined subset of Ukrainian children aged 0-18 years or in utero at the time of the accident are being identified and examined by well-trained specialists for thyroid disease every two years for at least three cycles. The study is a collaborative effort of research in Ukraine and the United States. The cohort will include approximately 13,000 persons who were children in 1986, all or most of whom have had their thyroids measured for radioactivity during the weeks immediately following the accident (or whose mothers had measurements taken while the child was in utero). Under a rigid research protocol these subjects will receive diagnostic thyroid examinations, including palpation, ultrasound scanning, thyroid hormone and other laboratory tests, and, if indicated, fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Interview information regarding residential, health, diet and lifestyle history will also be collected. All subjects will be followed for thyroid cancer morbidity and mortality. Thyroid cancers will be confirmed by expert pathology examination of tissue. In addition to the analysis of thyroid radiation measurements made in May-June, 1986, efforts will be made to reconstruct each person's exposure and to estimate the radiation dose to the thyroid. This will involve the reconstruction of deposition patterns and environmental pathways of the radioiodines, and of the location, dietary characteristics, and lifestyle of each person throughout the exposure period. The aim of the study is to carry out valid and credible assessments of the early and late morphologic and functional changes in the thyroid glands of persons exposed to radiation from radioactive materials released as a consequence of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident. The emphasis is on dose- and time-specific changes. In the course of the study other possible risk factors will be examined including dietary iodine intake during and after 1986, and the ingestion of potassium iodide for thyroid protection shortly after the accident.
Iodine-131(131I) and other radioisotopes of Iodine are contained in fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests and are among the radionuclides most likely to be released in a nuclear reactor accident. In spite of nearly 50 years of experience, the risk of thyroid disease, especially thyroid cancer, attributable to exposure to 131I remains unknown, although the carcinogenic potential of x-ray and gamma-ray exposure of the thyroid is reasonably well known. The available data also indicate that children face greater risks of radiation-induced thyroid cancer than do adults. The nuclear power plant accident at Chernobyl released large quantities of 131I and other radioisotopes of iodine into the atmosphere, contaminating thousands of square kilometers and exposing millions of people. It is proposed that a well-defined subset of Belarussian children aged 0-18 years at the time of the accident be examined by well-trained specialists for thyroid disease at least biennially for up to 30 years. A cohort of 15,000 children has been identified, all of whom had their thyroids measured for radioactivity during the weeks immediately following the accident. Under a rigid research protocol these children will receive complete diagnostic thyroid examinations, including palpation, ultrasound scanning, thyroid hormone and other laboratory tests, and fine-needle aspiration, as appropriate. Cancer will be determined by expert pathology examination of tissue. In addition to the analysis of thyroid radiation measurements made in May-June, 1986, efforts will be made to reconstruct each person's exposure and to estimate the radiation doses to the thyroid. This will involve the reconstruction of deposition patterns and environmental pathways of the radioiodines, and of the location, dietary characteristics, and lifestyle of each person throughout the exposure period. The data will be analyzed to evaluate the relationship, if any, between thyroid disease, especially cancer, and the radiation dose to the thyroid, with emphasis on the dose from 131I. The primary focus will be on dose-response analyses of person-year incidence data with stratification by sex, age at exposure, geographic area, time, and age at risk. Confounding factors, e.g., use of potassium iodide (KI) as a prophylactic measure, will be evaluated and controlled in the analysis, and the uncertainty of the dose estimates will be taken into account. In addition to producing risk coefficients for thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases in children as a function of sex and age at the time of exposure, it is expected that the analyses will contribute new knowledge of the carcinogenic effectiveness of 131I in comparison with that of x-ray and gamma radiation. This information will fill a major gap in the world's knowledge of radiation effects, and will provide guidance for radiation protection and public health policies wherever nuclear reactors are in operation.