View clinical trials related to Thyroid Diseases.
Filter by:Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disease. AITD include Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Although the pathogenesis of AITD remains unclear, it is generally thought that the mechanisms of the disease is a complex disease in which susceptibility genes and environmental triggers act in concert to initiate the autoimmune response to the thyroid. The initial step of thyroid autoimmunity is the activation of T cells. The activation of T cell requires two signals: firstly, thyroid follicular cells or antigen presenting cells binds to T cell receptor through antigenic HLA complex. Secondly, the activation of T cells is also required the interaction of costimulatory molecules between thyroid follicular cells and immune cells, including CTLA-4, CD 40, CD28, ICOS. PPAR- is a kind of intranuclear transcription factor, associated with adipogenesis and inflammation. Some reports showed that PPAR- polymorphism may have a protective effect from Graves' ophthalmopathy. The goal of the study is to investigate the relationship among SNP and mRNA of costimulatory molecules and PPAR- , serum cytokine including TNF- and sIL-2R, and clinical characteristics in AITD patients. From the study, we hope to clarify the role of costimulatory molecules and PPAR- polymorphism in AITD.
Graves thyrotoxicosis is a common autoimmune disease. Patients suffer at diagnosis from weight loss, increased heart rate and stress intolerance. Some patients have difficulties in regaining quality of life. Diagnosis is found through elevated thyroid hormones thyroxin, suppressed TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) from the pituitary and elevated stimulatory antibodies, TRAb (thyrotropin receptor antibody) to the thyroid. Selenium is sparse in western Europe. This compound has important function in thyroid hormone metabolism and on the immune system. It is not known whether addition of selenium affects the well being of patients with Graves´thyrotoxicosis. The subject of this study is to investigate this
Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive of all solid tumors; chemotherapy and surgery have had no impact on local control or survival of patients, with a median survival of 3-7 months. Crolibulin (EPC2407) is a microtubulin inhibitor that has been shown to have direct antitumor effects in vivo and in vitro, destabilizing spindles and inducing apoptosis, resulting in the disruption of neovascular endothelial cells with disruption of blood flow to the tumor. Early clinical studies with combretastatin, from which crolibulin is derived, demonstrated efficacy in a subset of patients with ATC. Objectives: The primary objective in the Phase I portion is to assess the safety and tolerability of cisplatin and crolibulin given in a 21-day cycle in dose-seeking cohorts. We will assess the toxicities of crolibulin coadministered with cisplatin, evaluate dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for the combination. The primary objective in the Phase II portion is to compare the combination crolibulin plus cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in adults with ATC by assessing the duration of progression-free survival (PFS); comparison of the response rates as evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) will be an important secondary objective. We plan on biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of several tumor parameters including mitotic index, expression of several proteins including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), BRAF, excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) and tumor protein p53 (TP53). Where sufficient tissue is available we will also perform gene expression analysis, micro ribonucleic acid (microRNA) array analysis, and compare these with 3-deoxy-3 -[(18)F] fluorothymidine (FLT)-positron emission tomography (PET) and tumor growth rate constant. Eligibility: Phase I: adults age 18 and older with unresectable, recurrent or metastatic solid tumors. Phase II: adults age 18 and older with anaplastic thyroid cancer. In the phase II portion disease must be evaluable by RECIST. All patients must have adequate hepatic, renal, and bone marrow function. Design: The Phase I component consists of dose-escalation cohorts of three to six patients, in which all patients receive both the study drug crolibulin with cisplatin. The MTD and DLT will be determined based on toxicities during the first three weeks of combined therapy. The Phase II component will be a randomization study, to either crolibulin with cisplatin or cisplatin monotherapy. Patients randomized to cisplatin alone will have the opportunity the opportunity to cross over to the crolibulin arm in the event of tumor progression. Drug administration will take place on days 1, 2, and 3 for crolibulin, and on day 1 for cisplatin, on a 21-day cycle. Maximum number of patients for planned enrollment is 70. During the Phase I portion of the study, dose-seeking cohorts of three to six patients will be enrolled until MTD / DLT is reached for a maximum of three dose cohorts [up to 24 patients if one assumes an expansion cohort to twelve patients at the recommended phase 2 (RP2) dose]. During the randomized Phase II trial comparing the activity of the combination of crolibulin plus cisplatin with cisplatin alone it is estimated that a maximum of 40 patients will be enrolled [1:1 randomization 20 + 20 = 40 patients], and we will allow for 6 extra patients to be enrolled to compensate for a small number of non-evaluable patients.
This randomized phase II trial studies the side effects and how well intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and paclitaxel with or without pazopanib hydrochloride works in treating patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Specialized radiation therapy that delivers a high dose of radiation directly to the tumor may kill more tumor cells and cause less damage to normal tissue. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as paclitaxel, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Pazopanib hydrochloride may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. It is not yet known whether radiation therapy and paclitaxel are more effective when given with pazopanib hydrochloride in treating thyroid cancer.
The purpose of this study is to examine the safety and evaluate the response of VB-111 on DTC.
This study will evaluate thyroid nodules using specialized ultrasound imaging methods.
This partially randomized phase I/II trial studies the side effects and best dose of cediranib maleate when given together with or without lenalidomide and to see how well they work in treating patients with thyroid cancer. Cediranib maleate may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Lenalidomide may stop the growth of thyroid cancer by blocking blood flow to the tumor. It is not yet known whether cediranib maleate is more effective when given together with lenalidomide in treating thyroid cancer.
The study is to compare the postoperative recovery, as determined by postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after preoperative application of single-dose dexamethasone versus saline in patients undergoing partial or total thyroidectomy.
Background: - Patients who have advanced thyroid cancer have a low long-term survival rate. These types of thyroid cancer do not respond well to conventional surgery or radiation, or to specific thyroid cancer treatments such as radioactive iodine treatment and thyroid hormone for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression. - Valproic acid has long been approved as an anticonvulsant to treat seizures in patients with epilepsy. It has also been used to treat bipolar disorder. Recent studies have shown that valproic acid has promising effects in thyroid cancer treatment because it may help destroy cancer cells and help conventional treatments be more effective. However, valproic acid is not approved for thyroid cancer and is therefore an investigational drug. Objectives: - To determine whether valproic acid can inhibit tumor growth or induce tumor cell death. - To determine whether valproic acid can make tumor cells increase their uptake of radioiodine. Eligibility: - Individuals at least 18 years of age who have advanced-stage thyroid cancer that is either unresponsive to conventional treatments or fails to absorb radioiodine. Design: - Eligible participants will continue on the standard thyroid hormone suppression therapy and begin receiving valproic acid for a total of 10 weeks. Participants will keep a study diary to record doses and side effects, and will have regular clinic visits to provide blood samples and receive additional valproic acid. - After 10 weeks, participants will have a Thyrogen scan to measure radioiodine uptake after valproic acid therapy. Tumor biopsies and blood samples will be taken at this time. - If there is increased radioiodine uptake on the scan, participants will have additional radioiodine therapy. - If there is no increased uptake on the scan, participants will continue on valproic acid for 7 more weeks. After 16 total weeks of treatment, additional blood samples and scans will be taken. Participants may continue to take valproic acid if the thyroid cancer appears to be responding to the treatment. - Follow-up visits will be scheduled at 3, 6, 9 (for patients continuing on valproic acid only), and 12 months.
The primary objective of this study is to estimate the 5 year locoregional control rate after External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) in the patient with locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer. In a prior retrospective trial for this same group of patients, the 5 year locoregional control rate was 85% in EBRT group and 70% in no EBRT group. For the total number of patients to detect a minimum of 20% improvement in 5 year locoregional control rate with 80% of statistical power and the 5% significance level, the table for sample size planning given by Makuch and Simon was chosen. Forty-three patients are required for this regimen to regard as worthy of further investigation. Considering 15% follow up loss, 50 eligible patients will be enrolled.