View clinical trials related to Thyroid Diseases.
Filter by:This study is being done to see if the radioisotope 99mTc sestamibi scans can locate what is causing the elevated serum thyroglobulin in persons with differentiated thyroid cancer who have elevated serum thyroglobulin levels and negative diagnostic imaging tests. This is for patients with: - Elevated suppressed or stimulated thyroglobulin level (Tg) > 10 ng/ml with or WITHOUT thyroglobulin antibodies , - All NEGATIVE standard diagnostic clinical imaging studies (NSDCIS) = negative ultrasound (US), diagnostic radioiodine scan (DRS), chest-x-ray (CXR), computer tomography with or without contrast (CT), and 18F-Fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission computer tomography scan (18F-FDG PET) within the last 12 mos. - If EDCIS (extensive diagnostic clinical imaging studies of 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission computer tomography scan (18F NaF PET) or 99mTc methylene diphosphonate bone scan (99mTc MDP), AND negative brain CT or magnetic resonance (MR) are performed, these are also negative. Voluntary patients will have sestamibi scan performed in 4 phases: Phase 1: receive an injection into their vein of a radioisotope called 99mTc sestamibi. Phase 2: wait for 60 to 90 minutes in a waiting room Phase 3: imaged lying face up on an imaging table while a camera passes around you from the top of the head to approximately the level of knees. This requires approximately 45 minutes Phase 4: images will be reviewed by the nuclear medicine physician. This will take ~10-15 minutes. If additional images are required to clarify an image, then additional images of that area will be performed on the same camera or an alternate camera. As earlier, the additional images performed lying face up. These images require ~20-45 minutes. The patient will then be released. The risk of this study is considered very low, and the potential benefits to the patient are considered very high.
Thyroid Feasibility Study
Background: The thyroid is a gland at the base of the throat. Thyroid cancer is a disease that people get when abnormal cells begin to grow in this gland. Researchers believe a new drug called CUDC-907 may be able to help people with thyroid cancer that has spread or has gotten worse. Objective: To see if CUDC-907 will shrink tumors in people with advanced thyroid cancer. Eligibility: People at least 18 years old who have been diagnosed with locally advanced and metastatic thyroid cancer. Design: Participants will be screened with: Medical history Physical exam Blood and urine tests Electrocardiogram (ECG) heart test. Review of their symptoms and how they perform normal activities A scan will be performed. Some will have a computed tomographic scan (CT) that takes pictures of the body using a small amount of radiation. Some will have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that uses a magnetic field to take pictures. Bone scan (some participants) Fludeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scan to produce a tumor image. A sample of their tumor from a previous surgery. They may have a biopsy of their tumor if a tumor sample is not available from a previous surgery. Participants will be given CUDC-907 in tablet form. They will take it by mouth once a day for 5 days, then take 2 days off, each week. While taking the study drug, participants will have study visits that repeat the screening tests. After they stop treatment, participants will have 3 follow-up visits over a year. They will repeat some tests. Then participants will be contacted by phone or e-mail every 6 months....
This research study is to compare the radiopharmacokinetics of I-124 to the radiopharmacokinetics of I-131 in patients who have well-differentiated thyroid cancer after thyroid hormone withdrawal. I-131 is routinely used for imaging and dosimetry for patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. In this study, I-124 is administered orally in capsular form, and the radiopharmacokinetics of I-124 is compared with I-131. I-124 is another isotope of iodine, which is cyclotron-produced. I-124 has multiple advantages: - Ideal Half-Life (4.2 days) for delayed imaging. - High resolution tomographic imaging. - Feasibility of quantitating lesion uptake. - Potential of dosimetry for the planning of radioiodine therapy. Voluntary patients will have I-124 dosimetry performed in addition to the I-131 dosimetry, which is planned as part of routine clinical care. I-124 dosimetry is composed of three parts: (1) the administration of I-124, (2) imaging, and (3) drawing blood samples. Patients will start 3-5 weeks of thyroid hormone withdrawal. This is similar to the procedure for I-131 dosimetry. Second, they will receive I-124. I-124 is similar to I-131 except I-124 decays in a different way to emit a positron so that the PET scanner can be used for imaging. I-124 is given in the form of one or several capsules, which are taken by mouth. This is also similar to I-131. Third, PET/CT imaging is done for approximately 30 minutes to one hour on five consecutive days. Radiation from PET/CT scan is far less than what they receive from a diagnostic CT scan. For the fourth part, a technologist will draw about 5 cc from the forearm on each of the five consecutive days. This is also similar to I-131. Initially, all patients will be randomized to one of two study groups. The first group will have the I-131 dosimetry performed first followed by the I-124 dosimetry, and the second group will have the I-124 dosimetry performed first followed by the I-131 dosimetry. The risk of this study is considered very low, and the potential benefits to the patient are considered very high.
In some patients, levothyroxine liquid gel capsules may demonstrate superior absorption than the tablet option. Impaired absorption of thyroid hormone directly correlates to higher and more unpredictable TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) levels. The investigators therefore hypothesize that following thyroidectomy for Stage I/II differentiated thyroid cancer the gel capsule levothyroxine formulation will provide more predictable TSH results and in turn require fewer dose adjustments to achieve optimal hormone levels in the postoperative period. The aim of this investigation is to compare the use of levothyroxine in liquid gel capsules to tablet form for TSH suppression following thyroidectomy for presumed stage I/II differentiated thyroid cancer.
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks orbital tissues, resulting in characteristic changes in eyelid position, globe position in the orbit, extraocular muscle balance, and optic nerve function. TED is a potentially blinding disease, and current treatments largely consist of nonspecific reduction of inflammation using corticosteroids or radiation therapy. Regardless of treatment, once TED progresses from its inflammatory phase to a more fibrotic, resolution phase, the orbital changes become fixed and can be modified only by surgery. The investigators propose to treat a cohort of patients with active TED using a selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, and to compare these patients to an observational control group. The investigators hypothesize that celecoxib will reduce the severity of disease and/or prevent progression to proptosis, diplopia, and corneal exposure or compressive optic neuropathy.
When the DNA inside of human cells undergoes certain alterations (mutations), the cells may develop into a cancer. The cancer cells may shed this DNA into the blood stream. This circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be detected by very sensitive, specialized laboratory tests. Measurement of ctDNA has been shown to be useful for following patients with known cancer. The purpose of this study is to examine blood specimens for the presence of ctDNA in individuals without known cancer who are scheduled to undergo a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland because of one or more thyroid nodules in order to see if the ctDNA test can detect a cancer at a very early stage. The results of this study should help define the role of ctDNA in the detection of early stage thyroid cancer and to define how sensitive it is (i.e. how well it picks up cancer when it is present) and how specific it is (i.e. how often is ctDNA found in patients with benign thyroid nodules).
The primary purpose of the study is to evaluate objective response rate ([ORR]: complete response [CR] and partial response [PR]) by investigator review in participants with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) treated with lenvatinib.
Radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer is a rare tumor and therapeutic options are limited in this setting. Molecular targeted therapies have recently been developed for progressive disease and demonstrated clinical activity, especially with anti-angiogenic agents. For patients with contra-indication to these agents or in case of progression or toxicity during treatment, chemotherapy is usually proposed but this strategy has not been validated by prospective data. The investigators propose to conduct an open single arm phase 2 study to evaluate response rate according to RECIST 1.1 with GEMOX regimen (gemcitabine - oxaliplatin combination) for advanced radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer patients after anti-angiogenic agents or in case of contra-indication to anti-angiogenic therapy.
Background: - Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) often spreads to lymph nodes in the neck. This can be hard to detect. People often have lymph nodes removed anyway, and researchers want to study if this is a good idea. Objective: - To compare the effectiveness of removing lymph nodes in the neck that show no evidence of cancer along with the thyroid, or removing only the thyroid. Eligibility: - Adults age 18 and older with PTC or thyroid nodules suspicious for PTC, with no evidence that the disease has spread in the body. Design: - Participants will be screened with medical history, physical exam, blood tests, scans, and x-rays. - Participants will: - Answer questions. They may have a tumor biopsy. - Have a flexible laryngoscopy. A small tube will pass through the nose to the vocal cords. - Group 1: have surgery to remove the thyroid gland only. Lymph nodes in the neck will be removed if the cancer has spread. - Group 2: have surgery to remove the thyroid and lymph nodes in the neck. - At all post-surgery visits, participants will answer questions and have blood drawn. In addition: - 1 day: laryngoscopy. - 2 weeks: possible laryngoscopy. - 3 months: ultrasound of the thyroid and neck. - Discuss whether to try hormone treatment and/or radioactive iodine. - Possible diagnostic whole body radioiodine scan (WBS). Participants will swallow a capsule or liquid and lie under a camera. - 6 months: ultrasound and maybe laryngoscopy. - 1 year: diagnostic WBS and ultrasound. Participants may get thyroid stimulating hormone. - Participants will have annual follow-up visits for 10 years. They will have a physical exam, blood drawn, scans, and may complete a questionnaire.