Thyroid Cancer Clinical Trial
Official title:
Study to Improve Thyroid Doses From Fallout Exposure in Kazakhstan
Residents of certain villages in Kazakhstan were exposed during childhood to radioactive
fallout from nuclear tests conducted at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) between
1949 and 1962.
Radiation doses to the thyroid from external and internal (i.e., ingested) radiation sources
deposited as fallout are of interest because they may be jointly and differentially
associated with increased risk of thyroid disease in this population.
Objectives:
To collect information about factors influencing radiation dose to the thyroid gland in
children of two ethnic groups who were exposed to radioactive fallout from nuclear tests at
the SNTS between 1949 and 1962. The two groups are Kazakhs (historically nomadic herders) and
Europeans (typically descendants of Russian and German farmers).
Eligibility:
Women 70 years of age and older who had children or provided care to children during the
1950s.
Men age 70 and older who were engaged in farming and care of dairy animals at the time of the
nuclear tests.
Design:
In focus group format, participants are interviewed to collect information on the following
at the time of nuclear tests:
- Dairy consumption;
- Source, storage and availability of milk and milk products;
- Time that children of different ages and ethnic groups spent indoors;
- Building material of houses and schools;
- Herding, grazing and supplemental feed of dairy animals.
The proposed work will improve our understanding of historical, fallout-related radiation
doses received by residents of villages in Kazakhstan immediately downwind from the
Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS), where multiple nuclear test explosions were carried
out between 1949 and 1962. In collaboration with scientists at the Institute for Biophysics
in Moscow, NCI has developed a combined bi-national dose reconstruction methodology based on
lessons learned from studying radioactive fallout from tests at the SNTS in Kazakhstan, the
Nevada Test Site in the United States, and other test sites. Gamma rays from radionuclides
such as cesium 137 in fallout are highly penetrating and can affect all organs even when the
radioactive source is outside the body, whereas less-penetrating beta particles from iodine
131, also plentiful in fallout, mainly affect the thyroid gland when ingested in milk from
dairy animals grazing on contaminated pasture. We are particularly interested in both kinds
of radiation doses to children, because their thyroid glands are small and very active, tend
to concentrate ingested iodine, and are highly sensitive to radiation carcinogenesis. The
conditions of fallout exposure in Kazakhstan are directly relevant to those following a
hypothetical nuclear accident or radiation terrorism incident involving high levels of local
fallout.
We propose a field study in Kazakhstan to investigate aspects of typical daily village life
in areas affected by fallout that might influence individual radiation doses to the thyroid
gland. Using focus group interviews, we will collect retrospective information about factors
influencing radiation dose to the thyroid gland in children of two distinct ethnic groups
(Kazakh and European). These factors include milk and milk product consumption, dependence on
different species of dairy animals known to differ with respect to concentration of iodine in
milk, seasonal practices of pasturing and supplemental feeding of dairy animals at the time
of the nuclear tests, time children typically spent outdoors, and radiation shielding
provided by dwellings and other buildings. We will also ask about protective measures taken
at the time, such as details of temporary evacuations of villages predicted to be in the
fallout paths from particular tests. These data will fill key gaps in the current
dose-reconstruction methodology and should result in improved dose estimates, as well as a
basis for evaluating and quantifying dosimetric uncertainty and related biases in risk
estimates.
;
Status | Clinical Trial | Phase | |
---|---|---|---|
Recruiting |
NCT05774535 -
Prospective, Observational Study on the Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery
|
||
Withdrawn |
NCT04224792 -
Effects of Exercise Training on Fatigue in Thyroid Cancer Survivors
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT01728623 -
A Study of E7080 in Subjects With Advanced Thyroid Cancer
|
Phase 2 | |
Recruiting |
NCT03175224 -
APL-101 Study of Subjects With NSCLC With c-Met EXON 14 Skip Mutations and c-Met Dysregulation Advanced Solid Tumors
|
Phase 2 | |
Completed |
NCT02911155 -
Cancer and Other Disease Risks in U.S. Nuclear Medicine Technologists
|
||
Recruiting |
NCT05025046 -
NGS-based Thyroscan Genomic Classifier in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules
|
||
Not yet recruiting |
NCT03978351 -
The Role of Midkine in Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer
|
||
Completed |
NCT02658513 -
Evaluation of Lancet Blood Sampling for Radioiodine Dosimetry in Thyroid Cancer
|
||
Terminated |
NCT02628535 -
Safety Study of MGD009 in B7-H3-expressing Tumors
|
Phase 1 | |
Completed |
NCT02375451 -
Effect of Childhood Radioiodine Therapy on Salivary Function
|
N/A | |
Withdrawn |
NCT01994200 -
Developing and Implementing an Interdisciplinary Team-Based Care Approach (ITCA-ThyCa) for Thyroid Cancer Patients
|
Phase 1/Phase 2 | |
Terminated |
NCT01403324 -
Comparison of Dosimetry After rhTSH or Withdrawal of Thyroid Hormone in Metastatic or Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT00970359 -
Reacquisition of Radioactive Iodine (RAI) Uptake of RAI-Refractory Metastatic Thyroid Cancers by Pretreatment With the Selective MEK Inhibitor AZD6244
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT00439478 -
Dental Safety Profile of High-Dose Radioiodine Therapy
|
Phase 4 | |
Completed |
NCT00223158 -
Evaluation Study of L-T3 Utility in the Follow-up of Patients With Thyroid Cancer
|
N/A | |
Active, not recruiting |
NCT04544111 -
PDR001 Combination Therapy for Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer
|
Phase 2 | |
Completed |
NCT04876287 -
Salivary dysfuncTion After Radioiodine Treatment
|
||
Recruiting |
NCT06073223 -
Intervention to Decrease Overtreatment of Patients With Low-risk Thyroid Cancer
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT06037174 -
Comparison of Quality of Life in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Undergoing Different Surgery
|
||
Recruiting |
NCT04952493 -
Anlotinib or Penpulimab in Combination With RAI for DTC
|
Phase 2 |